Chapter 5: Carbohydrates
physical characteristics or health conditions is a sign of metabolic syndrome:
Fasting blood glucose levels that are consistently between 75 and 99 mg/dl
Two monosaccharides are components of the milk sugar lactose:
Glucose Galactose
Contributes to softer and easier-to-eliminate feces:
Insoluble fiber
Hypo=:
Low
Hypoglycemia is a condition when blood glucose level is too ______ to provide enough energy for the cells. Multiple choice question:
Low
sweetener found in Equal is
aspartame.
where does most carbohydrate begin:
The mouth
Lactose-containing foods fall into which food category:
dairy
In the human intestinal tract, cooked rice is broken down into ________ molecules that can be absorbed.
glucose
table sugar:
glucose
Insulin
helps glucose enter cell
How to improve blood glucose control for patients with type 2 diabetes:
implementing therapeutic lifestyle changes is key.
galactose
milk
Dietary fiber is associated with an:
reduced risk of colorectal cancer.
a serious chronic disease characterized by abnormal glucose, fat, and protein metabolism
Diabetes, Mellitus
monosaccharide (MONO):
One
Aspartame is an alternative sweetener made of two __ acids (phenylalanine and aspartic acid) and methanol:
amino
Cells require a steady supply of energy which is largely provided by:
carbohydrates
Major source of energy for cells:
carbohydrates
A diet containing high amounts of protein and fat, but it is very low in carbohydrates. this diet, forms more ________ than normal.
ketone
Hypoglycemia may be diagnosed when the blood glucose level is:
less than 70 mg/dL
Which sugar tastes the sweetest?
fructose
fructose:
fruit
Polysaccharides that contain hundreds of glucose molecules bound together into large chainlike structures include:
glycogen, starch
How does the body respond to an increase in blood glucose:
insulin is secreted by the pancreas
which part of the GI tract does absorption of carbohydrates occur:
small intestine
diabetes is insulin resistance:
type 2
Diet, exercise, and oral medications are typical treatments for:
type 2 diabetes.
what age can type 1 diabetes first occur:
At any age
Tooth decay is associated with eating:
carbohydrates
Two amino acids present in aspartame
phenylalanine, aspartic acid
During processing, ______ are incorporated into foods to contribute to flavor, browning and tenderness, and preservation of food:
added sugars
Complex carbohydrates are also known as:
starch
What is the primary source of fuel for the body's cells?:
glucose
Type 1 diabetes is linked to an autoimmune disease while type 2 diabetes is linked to:
insulin resistance
treatment for diabetes:
involve diet, exercise, insulin injections, and oral medications.
an acceptable hemoglobin HbA1c level for a person with diabetes:
less than 7%
Simple carbohydrates include __ contain only one sugar unit, __ which contain two sugar units bonded together.
monosaccharides and disaccharides
Dietary fiber includes indigestible plant and animal materials. True false question:
FALSE
most common oligosaccharides in foods:
Raffinose, Stachyose
oligosaccharides in foods:
Raffinose, Stachyose,e inulin and oligofructose.
to reduce your risk of developing type 2 diabetes:
exercise daily, avoid excess body fat, consume a healthy diet
Food additives that sweeten but provide few or no calories per serving:
alternative sweeteners artificial sweeteners
There is "convincing" evidence that dietary fiber will reduce the risk of:
colorectal canvee
Intestinal cells absorb glucose and ______ by active transport; ______ is absorbed by facilitated diffusison
galactose; fructose
difference between soft drinks and 100% fruit drinks:
100% fruit juices contribute micronutrients and phytochemicals
more common with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes:
Numbness
dietary fiber usually forms a semisolid mass in the intestinal tract that is quickly fermented by bacteria.
Soluble
a sign of metabolic syndrome and dangerous to one's health:
elevated blood lipid levels hypertension
Celeste took her 4-year old daughter to a birthday party and was disappointed when her daughter's behavior at the party was uncontrolled HYPERACTIVITY. The most likely cause of the hyperactivity at the birthday party was:
excitement of the party that was different from her normal routine
complex carbohydrates comprised of monosaccharides connected by bonds that human enzymes cannot digest:
fibers
signs of metabolic syndrome
waist circumference >/= 35 inches (women) triglycerides >/=150mg/dL
Important nutrients that milk and milk products provide:
calcium and phosphorus protein
When bacteria in the mouth metabolize ______, they produce acids that dissolve the tooth enamel, leading to dental caries. Multiple choice question:
carbohydrates
sugar alcohols
sorbitol mannitol xylitol
Health conditions are linked to an excessive total calorie intake? Multiple select question:
chronic disease, obesity
cells metabolize glucose:
release the energy stored in the molecule
According to the ADA, people with diabetes should try to maintain HbA1c levels below:
7 percent or 6.5
Disaccharides
maltose, lactose, sucrose
Nondigestible plant material is termed:
fiber
can be added to sweeten foods while providing few or no kcal:
-Alternative sweeteners -surcalose
Monosaccharides
-It is the simplest type of sugar -It is a chemical unit of carbohydrates
carbohydrates percent in diet:
45-65%
monosaccharides are components of the milk sugar lactose:
Galactose Glucose
saccharide means:
sugar
Added sugars are incorporated into foods during processing to
-increase tenderness of food -inhibit the growth of mold -contribute to flavor
the order of blood glucose regulation beginning with eating a meal:
1) eating a male 2) Elevated blood glucose 3)insuline released from pancrese 4) Blood gluscose level return to normal
Three or more monosaccharides bonded together:
Complex monosaccharides
A group of serious, chronic conditions characterized by abnormal glucose, fat, and protein metabolism is:
diabetes
type of diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance and often associated with obesity:
Type 2 diabetes
a sweetener/food additive obtained from the processing of corn:
High-fructose corn syrup
Added to sweeten foods while providing few or no kcal:
alternative sweeteners