Chapter 5 Lab
Lamellae
rings of bone tissue that surround the central canal like the rings of a tree
goblet cells
rounded and are scattered among other cells.
fibers
skeletal muscle cells
lacunae
structure A
chondrocytes
structure B
elastic fibers
structure C
axon
the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands, also known as nerve fibers
Lacunae
tiny chambers that enclose cartilage cells.
white blood cells
(neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, and basophils) help with healing and defense against pathogen
branched
. If many secretory areas share the same duct, it is called ____________. (exocrine glands)
elastic
Identify the tissue
compound
If an exocrine duct is branched, it is called _____________.
mesenchymal
If we eat too much fat, and the amount of fats circulating through our bloodstream remains high, then ____________ or stem cells, will form new adipocytes
Simple columnar
In our stomach and intestines, we need to absorb and secrete, but we also need some protection, so we have ________ ______ epithelium in this area.
brown
Infants and young children contain ______ fat between their shoulder blades and around their neck. It is highly vascularized and when infants or children are cold, this fat breaks down and releases heat to the blood. The warm blood travels around the body, quickly warming the child.
liver, kidneys, spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow
List places where reticular tissue would be found
Weakness, gum ulceration, hemorrhages, abnormal bone growth
List some symptoms of scurvy
proteoglycan
Made when chondroitin sulfate forms complexes with proteins (component of cartilage)
Muscular tissue
Makes up skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle.
thoracic cage, vertebral column
Marfan syndrome can cause malformation of the ________ ________ and ___________ _______.
simple columnar
Microvilli and goblet cells are two structures found within the _____ _________ epithelium.
absorption
Microvilli increase the surface area for _____________.
hyaline
Most common cartilage in the body
dislocated joints
Musculoskeletal Marfan Syndrom symptom
salivary, sweat, mammary
Name 3 examples of exocrine glands.
intercalated discs, striations, cardiac
Name structure A, B and the tissue where they are found
cell nuclei, striations, skeletal
Name structure A, B, and the tissue type
Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
Name the 4 tissue types
reticular
Name the fibers
1) absorption, secretion, and diffusion and 2) protection
Name the two main functions of epithelium
microvilli, goblet cells
Name the two structures of the simple columnar epithelium.
Fibrocartilage
Name this cartilage
fibrocartilage
Name this cartilage
Areolar
Name this tissue
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Name this tissue
Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Name this tissue
Transitional epithelium
Name this tissue
Kidney tubules, alveoli
Name two areas where simple squamous epithelium would be found.
50
Often, death occurs before age _____ in patients with Marfan Syndrome due to cardiovascular problems.
Simple
One layer of cells
Pseudostratified
One layer, but in some sections the tissue appears stratified
Stratified squamous
Our skin is constantly subjected to stresses, so the epidermis is formed by ________ ________ epithelium.
Keratin
Protein that adds water resistance and strength to the epithelium
Connective tissue
Supports structures within the body, transports materials, and stores nutrients that can be broken down for energy.
Columnar
Tall, column-like
connective
Tendons, ligaments, body fat, cartilage, bone, blood are all examples of ____________ tissue.
formed elemends
The cells within blood are called the ______________.
regular
The collagen fibers of _________ regular connective tissue run parallel to each other and are tightly packed.
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
The epidermis of the skin is formed by ________ ___________ _________ _________.
ground substance
The ground substance of connective tissue proper is clear, colorless, and viscous (like syrup or molasses).
calcified
The matrix of bone is ______________.
simple squamous epithelium
The mesothelium and endothelium are examples of _________ _______ _________.
Histology
The study of tissues is termed
neural
This image represents ___________ tissue
cell nuclei
This image shows ______ _______ within smooth muscle tissue.
Reticular
This tissue is found in organs where the cells are very organized and helps to hold the cells, blood vessels, and other organ structures in place.
Stratified columnar
This tissue occurs along some large ducts, such as the salivary gland duct.
Simple squamous epithelium
Tissue seen in areas that are more protected and not subject to a great deal of friction.
connective
Tissue that has many more components than just cells including ground substance
neurons, neuroglia
Two cell types that make up nervous tissue
fat, triglycerides
Two energy reserves stored within connective tissue.
blood, lymph
Two examples of fluid connective tissue
Alveoli, capillaries
Two examples of simple squamous epithelium
bone, cartilage
Two examples of supportive connective tissue
Absorption, secretion
Two functions of simple cuboidal epithelium
Stratified
Two or more layers of cells
liver, kidneys
Two places where reticular fibers are found.
Keratinized, nonkeratinized
Two types of stratified squamous epithelium
cardiocyte
Uninucleate cardiac cells that are short and branched.
adipocyte
What cell is this
white
What color is most adipose tissues in our body?
blood
What connective tissue is this?
neurons
What is being pointed at here?
collagen fibers
What is being pointed to on the left?
fibroblast nucleus
What is being pointed to on the right?
elastic fibers
What is the line pointing to?
plasma proteins
What is the matrix of blood?
simple columnar
What is the specific tissue?
hyaline
What structure is this
dense irregular
What tissue is pictured?
smooth muscle
What tissue is pictured?
adipose
What tissue is this
dense regular
What tissue is this
reticular
What tissue is this?
Areolar
What type of connective tissue is pictured?
osseous
What type of tissue is this?
skeletal
What type of tissue is this?
C
What vitamin is needed for healthy collagen fibers?
brain, spinal cord, nerves
Where are nervous tissues found?
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Where is cilia found?
external ear, auditory tube, larynx
Where is this structure found?
heart, cardiac muscle
Where is this tissue found and what is it called?
mesothelium
Where is this tissue found? (ventral body cavity)
walls of hollow organs, blood vessels, respiratory, urinary, digestive, reproductive
Where is this uninucleate, nonstriated tissue found?
dermis, perichondrium, periosteum
Where would dense irregular connective tissue be found?
arteries, lungs, vertabrae
Where would elastic tissue be found?
bone surfaces, synovial joints, larynx, trachea, bronchi, ribs, sternum
Where would this cartilage be found?
pubic symphysis, knee
Where would this cartilage be found?
salivary gland duct
Where would this tissue be found?
tendons, ligaments
Where would this tissue be found?
sweat gland ducts
Where would you find this tissue?
simple cuboidal epithelium
You will see this tissue in areas that are more protected and not subject to friction.
compound
_______ ducts are divided
adipose
________ tissue adds padding or support, stores fat, and acts as insulation
Loose
_________ connective tissue are like the packing peanuts for our body. surround, protect, take up space, cushion and support
endocrine, exocrine
_________ glands produce hormones and release them into the bloodstream, while _________ glands produce chemicals that are released through ducts onto epithelial surfaces
simple
__________ ducts are undivided
connective
__________ tissue establishes structural framework for the body
connective
__________ tissue protects delicate organs
connective
__________ tissue supports, surrounds, and interconnects other tissue types
connective
__________ tissue transports fluids and substances throughout the body
Marfan syndrome
a genetic disease of connective tissue where it causes skeletal, cardiovascular, and visual abnormalities
lymph
about 20% of interstitial fluid is picked up by ___________ vessels instead of returning to the bloodstream.
endothelium
blood vessels and the inside of the heart
osteocytes
bone cells
tubuloacinar
both tube and sacs, shape of exocrine gland
red blood cells
carry O2 and CO2 throughout the body
pathogens
connective tissue defends the body from __________.
supporting connective tissue
consists of distinct cells and tightly-packed fibers in a gel-like or calcified matrix. includes bone and cartilage.
connective tissue proper
consists of multiple cell and fiber types suspended in a viscous ground substance.
exocrine
every other gland except a(n) ___________ is multicellular.
connective tissue proper
fibroblasts, adipocytes, mesenchymal, macrophages, mast cells, plasma cells, lymphocytes and microphages are examples of cells of ________________ __________ __________.
Microvilli
finger-like projections located at the surface of the cell membrane. They appear to be a thin, fuzzy layer.
Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
forms moist lining of body openings, protects underlying tissues in areas from abrasion. Ex: esophagus, mouth, anus, vagina
Tissues
groups of similar cells and extracellular material that perform a common function (for example, providing protection).
Cilia
hair-like projections that sweep material over the surface of the cell
tubuloalveolar
if they have both types of secretory units, shape of exocrine gland
platelets
involved in blood clotting
lacunae, central canal
osteocytes lie in tiny chambers called ___________ and are organized around a ______ ______
Central canal
Structure C
Goblet Cell
Structure C
Lacunae
Structure on left
Chondrocyte nuclei
Structure on right
neuroglia
Supporting cells of the nervous system.
aorta/valve weakness
Cardiac symptoms of Marfan syndome
chondrocytes
Cartilage cells
fibrocartilage
Cartilage containing many interwoven collagen fibers
Squamous
Cells are thin, flat, scale-like
plasma cells
Cells of connective tissue proper: produce antibodies, proteins that immobilize foreign material
mesenchymal cells
Cells of connective tissue proper: these cells are stem cells. When tissue repair is needed, these cells will divide and differentiate to become other connective tissue cells. (Stem Cells)
lymphocytes
Cells of connective tissue proper: these cells are white blood cells that are responsible for our immune response to pathogens.
fibroblasts
Cells of connective tissue proper: these cells build the protein fibers. (Fiber Builders)
microphages
Cells of connective tissue proper: these cells consist of neutrophils and eosinophils (both white blood cells). These cells are also phagocytic like the macrophages. (Little Eaters)
macrophages
Cells of connective tissue proper: these cells engulf debris and pathogens (Big Eaters)
mast cells
Cells of connective tissue proper: these cells migrate to injury sites and release histamine and heparin. These chemicals promote inflammation, which helps tissues to heal.
adipocytes
Cells of connective tissue proper: these cells store fat or lipids (Fat cells)
central canal
Channel in osteocytes which brings blood supply close
collagen
Connective tissue fibers: straight and unbranched fibers that are strong and numerous in connective tissue proper. These fibers make up tendons and ligaments.
elastic
Connective tissue fibers: these fibers are built from the protein elastin. They can stretch and recoil back to their original length. Some ligaments in our body, like those connecting the vertebrae, are made of elastic fibers so that they can recoil after stretching
reticular
Connective tissue fibers: these fibers branch and interconnect, forming a supportive framework of fibers. These fibers are found were stability is need, such as around functional cell (or parenchyma) of organs, like the liver or kidneys.
fluid connective tissue
Contains cells and proteins in a liquid ground substance. The two examples are blood and lymph.
Transitional Epithelium
Contains cells that are rounded and have irregular layering. This tissue allows for considerable stretching and is found in organs, such as the urinary bladder.
Epithelial tissue
Covers the outside of the body, lines the body surfaces and internal passageways, and forms glands.
Cuboidal
Cube-shaped or hexagonal
nucleus of glial cell
D
capsule
Dense irregular tissue forms a tough ___________ around many organs.
gap junctions
Each intercalated disc between cardiocytes contain ____________ ________ which allow ions to flow between the cardiocytes so contraction can spread and it contracts as a unit.
Microvilli
Structure A
lamellae
Structure A
Basement membrane
Structure B
osteocytes
Structure B
cells, ground substance, fibers
3 basic elements of all connective tissue
cell body, dendrites, axons
3 parts of a neuron
Thyroid gland, ducts, kidney tubules
3 places where you can find simple cuboidal epithelium tissue.
proper, fluid, supporting
3 types of connective tissues
regular, irregular, elastic
3 types of dense connective tissue
Areolar, adipose, reticular
3 types of loose connective tissue
cell body
A
Stratified squamous
A multilayered epithelium with scale-like cells. In areas more subject to friction.
divide
Adipocytes do not ______________.
avascular
Areolar tissue has a vast blood supply, from which O2 and nutrients can diffuse to the ____________ epithelial cells.
subcutaneous
Areolar tissue has an open framework and is found in the ___________ layer under the skin.
epithelial
Areolar tissues is commonly found supporting __________ tissue.
dendrite
B
axon
C
canaliculi
Canals that connect osteocytes to the central canal. Allow O2, nutrients and waste to diffuse b/t blood vessels in central canal and osteocytes
Shape, layering
Epithelial tissue is classified based on two items: Cell ____ and cell ______.
cells
Epithelial tissue is mostly composed of ________.
stratified cuboidal
Epithelium for protection - is not as common as other tissues
Cells
Epithelium is predominately made up of _____.
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar
Epithelium that appears as though it has several rows of cells, but actually only has one row of cells
Stratified
Epithelium that is typically found in areas where protection is needed.
Simple
Epithelium that typically is found in areas where absorption, secretion, and diffusion have to occur.
unicellular, multicellular
Exocrine Glands are either _________ or ________.
Cillia
Figure A
Goblet cell
Figure B
blood
Fluid connective tissue containing RBCs, WBCs, platelets, protein fibers, and ground substance.
Nervous tissue
Forms the central and peripheral nervous system structures.
chondroitin sulfate
Gel-like ground substance of cartilage is mostly ____________ ___________ that forms complexes with proteins and makes proteoglycans.
digestive tract
Goblet cells secrete mucus for lubrication of the ______________ ___________.
slipped lens
HENT symptom of Marfan Syndrome
collagen
Hyaline cartilage is made of tightly packed ___________ fibers.
Collagen fiber
Identify A
Elastic fiber
Identify B
Cells
Identify C
respiratory tract
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar cells are found in the lining of the ________________ ___________.
Transitional
Rounded, change shape with degree of stretching
subcutaneous
Similar to areolar tissue, adipose tissue is most common in the _______________ layer.
voluntary
Skeletal tissue is __________ muscle tissue because we can consciously decided to contract it.
protection
Stratified squamous epithelium's main function is __________.
simple, compound
two structures of exocrine glands
loose, dense
two subcategories of connective tissue proper
endocrine, exocrine
two types of glands
ground substance
unstructured material that fills the space between the cells and contains the protein fibers
skeletal
what cells are long fibers and are multinucleated.
thyroid follicle
what is pictured here
elastic cartilage
what structure is this
dense regular
what type of tissue is pictured?
extracellular matrix
where is ground substance, protein fibers, collagen fiber, reticular fiber found?
