Chapter 5 Lab

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Lamellae

rings of bone tissue that surround the central canal like the rings of a tree

goblet cells

rounded and are scattered among other cells.

fibers

skeletal muscle cells

lacunae

structure A

chondrocytes

structure B

elastic fibers

structure C

axon

the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands, also known as nerve fibers

Lacunae

tiny chambers that enclose cartilage cells.

white blood cells

(neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, and basophils) help with healing and defense against pathogen

branched

. If many secretory areas share the same duct, it is called ____________. (exocrine glands)

elastic

Identify the tissue

compound

If an exocrine duct is branched, it is called _____________.

mesenchymal

If we eat too much fat, and the amount of fats circulating through our bloodstream remains high, then ____________ or stem cells, will form new adipocytes

Simple columnar

In our stomach and intestines, we need to absorb and secrete, but we also need some protection, so we have ________ ______ epithelium in this area.

brown

Infants and young children contain ______ fat between their shoulder blades and around their neck. It is highly vascularized and when infants or children are cold, this fat breaks down and releases heat to the blood. The warm blood travels around the body, quickly warming the child.

liver, kidneys, spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow

List places where reticular tissue would be found

Weakness, gum ulceration, hemorrhages, abnormal bone growth

List some symptoms of scurvy

proteoglycan

Made when chondroitin sulfate forms complexes with proteins (component of cartilage)

Muscular tissue

Makes up skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle.

thoracic cage, vertebral column

Marfan syndrome can cause malformation of the ________ ________ and ___________ _______.

simple columnar

Microvilli and goblet cells are two structures found within the _____ _________ epithelium.

absorption

Microvilli increase the surface area for _____________.

hyaline

Most common cartilage in the body

dislocated joints

Musculoskeletal Marfan Syndrom symptom

salivary, sweat, mammary

Name 3 examples of exocrine glands.

intercalated discs, striations, cardiac

Name structure A, B and the tissue where they are found

cell nuclei, striations, skeletal

Name structure A, B, and the tissue type

Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

Name the 4 tissue types

reticular

Name the fibers

1) absorption, secretion, and diffusion and 2) protection

Name the two main functions of epithelium

microvilli, goblet cells

Name the two structures of the simple columnar epithelium.

Fibrocartilage

Name this cartilage

fibrocartilage

Name this cartilage

Areolar

Name this tissue

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Name this tissue

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Name this tissue

Transitional epithelium

Name this tissue

Kidney tubules, alveoli

Name two areas where simple squamous epithelium would be found.

50

Often, death occurs before age _____ in patients with Marfan Syndrome due to cardiovascular problems.

Simple

One layer of cells

Pseudostratified

One layer, but in some sections the tissue appears stratified

Stratified squamous

Our skin is constantly subjected to stresses, so the epidermis is formed by ________ ________ epithelium.

Keratin

Protein that adds water resistance and strength to the epithelium

Connective tissue

Supports structures within the body, transports materials, and stores nutrients that can be broken down for energy.

Columnar

Tall, column-like

connective

Tendons, ligaments, body fat, cartilage, bone, blood are all examples of ____________ tissue.

formed elemends

The cells within blood are called the ______________.

regular

The collagen fibers of _________ regular connective tissue run parallel to each other and are tightly packed.

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

The epidermis of the skin is formed by ________ ___________ _________ _________.

ground substance

The ground substance of connective tissue proper is clear, colorless, and viscous (like syrup or molasses).

calcified

The matrix of bone is ______________.

simple squamous epithelium

The mesothelium and endothelium are examples of _________ _______ _________.

Histology

The study of tissues is termed

neural

This image represents ___________ tissue

cell nuclei

This image shows ______ _______ within smooth muscle tissue.

Reticular

This tissue is found in organs where the cells are very organized and helps to hold the cells, blood vessels, and other organ structures in place.

Stratified columnar

This tissue occurs along some large ducts, such as the salivary gland duct.

Simple squamous epithelium

Tissue seen in areas that are more protected and not subject to a great deal of friction.

connective

Tissue that has many more components than just cells including ground substance

neurons, neuroglia

Two cell types that make up nervous tissue

fat, triglycerides

Two energy reserves stored within connective tissue.

blood, lymph

Two examples of fluid connective tissue

Alveoli, capillaries

Two examples of simple squamous epithelium

bone, cartilage

Two examples of supportive connective tissue

Absorption, secretion

Two functions of simple cuboidal epithelium

Stratified

Two or more layers of cells

liver, kidneys

Two places where reticular fibers are found.

Keratinized, nonkeratinized

Two types of stratified squamous epithelium

cardiocyte

Uninucleate cardiac cells that are short and branched.

adipocyte

What cell is this

white

What color is most adipose tissues in our body?

blood

What connective tissue is this?

neurons

What is being pointed at here?

collagen fibers

What is being pointed to on the left?

fibroblast nucleus

What is being pointed to on the right?

elastic fibers

What is the line pointing to?

plasma proteins

What is the matrix of blood?

simple columnar

What is the specific tissue?

hyaline

What structure is this

dense irregular

What tissue is pictured?

smooth muscle

What tissue is pictured?

adipose

What tissue is this

dense regular

What tissue is this

reticular

What tissue is this?

Areolar

What type of connective tissue is pictured?

osseous

What type of tissue is this?

skeletal

What type of tissue is this?

C

What vitamin is needed for healthy collagen fibers?

brain, spinal cord, nerves

Where are nervous tissues found?

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Where is cilia found?

external ear, auditory tube, larynx

Where is this structure found?

heart, cardiac muscle

Where is this tissue found and what is it called?

mesothelium

Where is this tissue found? (ventral body cavity)

walls of hollow organs, blood vessels, respiratory, urinary, digestive, reproductive

Where is this uninucleate, nonstriated tissue found?

dermis, perichondrium, periosteum

Where would dense irregular connective tissue be found?

arteries, lungs, vertabrae

Where would elastic tissue be found?

bone surfaces, synovial joints, larynx, trachea, bronchi, ribs, sternum

Where would this cartilage be found?

pubic symphysis, knee

Where would this cartilage be found?

salivary gland duct

Where would this tissue be found?

tendons, ligaments

Where would this tissue be found?

sweat gland ducts

Where would you find this tissue?

simple cuboidal epithelium

You will see this tissue in areas that are more protected and not subject to friction.

compound

_______ ducts are divided

adipose

________ tissue adds padding or support, stores fat, and acts as insulation

Loose

_________ connective tissue are like the packing peanuts for our body. surround, protect, take up space, cushion and support

endocrine, exocrine

_________ glands produce hormones and release them into the bloodstream, while _________ glands produce chemicals that are released through ducts onto epithelial surfaces

simple

__________ ducts are undivided

connective

__________ tissue establishes structural framework for the body

connective

__________ tissue protects delicate organs

connective

__________ tissue supports, surrounds, and interconnects other tissue types

connective

__________ tissue transports fluids and substances throughout the body

Marfan syndrome

a genetic disease of connective tissue where it causes skeletal, cardiovascular, and visual abnormalities

lymph

about 20% of interstitial fluid is picked up by ___________ vessels instead of returning to the bloodstream.

endothelium

blood vessels and the inside of the heart

osteocytes

bone cells

tubuloacinar

both tube and sacs, shape of exocrine gland

red blood cells

carry O2 and CO2 throughout the body

pathogens

connective tissue defends the body from __________.

supporting connective tissue

consists of distinct cells and tightly-packed fibers in a gel-like or calcified matrix. includes bone and cartilage.

connective tissue proper

consists of multiple cell and fiber types suspended in a viscous ground substance.

exocrine

every other gland except a(n) ___________ is multicellular.

connective tissue proper

fibroblasts, adipocytes, mesenchymal, macrophages, mast cells, plasma cells, lymphocytes and microphages are examples of cells of ________________ __________ __________.

Microvilli

finger-like projections located at the surface of the cell membrane. They appear to be a thin, fuzzy layer.

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

forms moist lining of body openings, protects underlying tissues in areas from abrasion. Ex: esophagus, mouth, anus, vagina

Tissues

groups of similar cells and extracellular material that perform a common function (for example, providing protection).

Cilia

hair-like projections that sweep material over the surface of the cell

tubuloalveolar

if they have both types of secretory units, shape of exocrine gland

platelets

involved in blood clotting

lacunae, central canal

osteocytes lie in tiny chambers called ___________ and are organized around a ______ ______

Central canal

Structure C

Goblet Cell

Structure C

Lacunae

Structure on left

Chondrocyte nuclei

Structure on right

neuroglia

Supporting cells of the nervous system.

aorta/valve weakness

Cardiac symptoms of Marfan syndome

chondrocytes

Cartilage cells

fibrocartilage

Cartilage containing many interwoven collagen fibers

Squamous

Cells are thin, flat, scale-like

plasma cells

Cells of connective tissue proper: produce antibodies, proteins that immobilize foreign material

mesenchymal cells

Cells of connective tissue proper: these cells are stem cells. When tissue repair is needed, these cells will divide and differentiate to become other connective tissue cells. (Stem Cells)

lymphocytes

Cells of connective tissue proper: these cells are white blood cells that are responsible for our immune response to pathogens.

fibroblasts

Cells of connective tissue proper: these cells build the protein fibers. (Fiber Builders)

microphages

Cells of connective tissue proper: these cells consist of neutrophils and eosinophils (both white blood cells). These cells are also phagocytic like the macrophages. (Little Eaters)

macrophages

Cells of connective tissue proper: these cells engulf debris and pathogens (Big Eaters)

mast cells

Cells of connective tissue proper: these cells migrate to injury sites and release histamine and heparin. These chemicals promote inflammation, which helps tissues to heal.

adipocytes

Cells of connective tissue proper: these cells store fat or lipids (Fat cells)

central canal

Channel in osteocytes which brings blood supply close

collagen

Connective tissue fibers: straight and unbranched fibers that are strong and numerous in connective tissue proper. These fibers make up tendons and ligaments.

elastic

Connective tissue fibers: these fibers are built from the protein elastin. They can stretch and recoil back to their original length. Some ligaments in our body, like those connecting the vertebrae, are made of elastic fibers so that they can recoil after stretching

reticular

Connective tissue fibers: these fibers branch and interconnect, forming a supportive framework of fibers. These fibers are found were stability is need, such as around functional cell (or parenchyma) of organs, like the liver or kidneys.

fluid connective tissue

Contains cells and proteins in a liquid ground substance. The two examples are blood and lymph.

Transitional Epithelium

Contains cells that are rounded and have irregular layering. This tissue allows for considerable stretching and is found in organs, such as the urinary bladder.

Epithelial tissue

Covers the outside of the body, lines the body surfaces and internal passageways, and forms glands.

Cuboidal

Cube-shaped or hexagonal

nucleus of glial cell

D

capsule

Dense irregular tissue forms a tough ___________ around many organs.

gap junctions

Each intercalated disc between cardiocytes contain ____________ ________ which allow ions to flow between the cardiocytes so contraction can spread and it contracts as a unit.

Microvilli

Structure A

lamellae

Structure A

Basement membrane

Structure B

osteocytes

Structure B

cells, ground substance, fibers

3 basic elements of all connective tissue

cell body, dendrites, axons

3 parts of a neuron

Thyroid gland, ducts, kidney tubules

3 places where you can find simple cuboidal epithelium tissue.

proper, fluid, supporting

3 types of connective tissues

regular, irregular, elastic

3 types of dense connective tissue

Areolar, adipose, reticular

3 types of loose connective tissue

cell body

A

Stratified squamous

A multilayered epithelium with scale-like cells. In areas more subject to friction.

divide

Adipocytes do not ______________.

avascular

Areolar tissue has a vast blood supply, from which O2 and nutrients can diffuse to the ____________ epithelial cells.

subcutaneous

Areolar tissue has an open framework and is found in the ___________ layer under the skin.

epithelial

Areolar tissues is commonly found supporting __________ tissue.

dendrite

B

axon

C

canaliculi

Canals that connect osteocytes to the central canal. Allow O2, nutrients and waste to diffuse b/t blood vessels in central canal and osteocytes

Shape, layering

Epithelial tissue is classified based on two items: Cell ____ and cell ______.

cells

Epithelial tissue is mostly composed of ________.

stratified cuboidal

Epithelium for protection - is not as common as other tissues

Cells

Epithelium is predominately made up of _____.

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

Epithelium that appears as though it has several rows of cells, but actually only has one row of cells

Stratified

Epithelium that is typically found in areas where protection is needed.

Simple

Epithelium that typically is found in areas where absorption, secretion, and diffusion have to occur.

unicellular, multicellular

Exocrine Glands are either _________ or ________.

Cillia

Figure A

Goblet cell

Figure B

blood

Fluid connective tissue containing RBCs, WBCs, platelets, protein fibers, and ground substance.

Nervous tissue

Forms the central and peripheral nervous system structures.

chondroitin sulfate

Gel-like ground substance of cartilage is mostly ____________ ___________ that forms complexes with proteins and makes proteoglycans.

digestive tract

Goblet cells secrete mucus for lubrication of the ______________ ___________.

slipped lens

HENT symptom of Marfan Syndrome

collagen

Hyaline cartilage is made of tightly packed ___________ fibers.

Collagen fiber

Identify A

Elastic fiber

Identify B

Cells

Identify C

respiratory tract

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar cells are found in the lining of the ________________ ___________.

Transitional

Rounded, change shape with degree of stretching

subcutaneous

Similar to areolar tissue, adipose tissue is most common in the _______________ layer.

voluntary

Skeletal tissue is __________ muscle tissue because we can consciously decided to contract it.

protection

Stratified squamous epithelium's main function is __________.

simple, compound

two structures of exocrine glands

loose, dense

two subcategories of connective tissue proper

endocrine, exocrine

two types of glands

ground substance

unstructured material that fills the space between the cells and contains the protein fibers

skeletal

what cells are long fibers and are multinucleated.

thyroid follicle

what is pictured here

elastic cartilage

what structure is this

dense regular

what type of tissue is pictured?

extracellular matrix

where is ground substance, protein fibers, collagen fiber, reticular fiber found?


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