Hyperthyroidism

_____ is a rare form of monodermal teratoma that contains mostly thyroid tissue, which commonly causes hyperthyroidism.

Struma ovarii

_____ is a form of thyroiditis that can cause both overactive thyroid and hypothyroidism. Histologically it is associated with granulomatous infiltration.

Subacute thryoiditis

Toxic multinodular goiter (Plummers disease) can be made worse with exposure to _____.

Iodine (contrast/amiodarone)

What are the three medicinal components to preoperative hyperthyroid surgery?

(1) Antithyroid medications (2) Beta-blockers (3) Iodine

What are the four most common causes of hyperthyroidism?

(1) Autoimmunity (Graves disease) (2) Toxic multinodular goiter (Plummers disease) (3) Toxic adenoma (4) Subacute thyroiditis (deQuervains thyroiditis)

What are the four risks of untreated subclinical hyperthyroidism?

(1) Osteoporosis (in postmenopausal females) (2) Atrial fibrillation (3) Hypercalcemia (4) Anemia

What are two contraindications for radioactive iodine treatment for hyperthyroidism?

(1) Pregnancy/breastfeeding (2) Eye disease (Graves disease)

_____ is an atypical though not rare manifestation of hyperthyroidism characterized by weight loss and commonly seen in older patients.

Apathetic thyrotoxicosis

In a patient with thyroid storm, you would expect thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) to be _____ and free T4 to be _____.

Decreased, Increased

In a patient with thyrotoxicosis, you would expect thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) to be _____ and free T4 to be _____.

Decreased, Increased

In a patient with subclinical or T3 thyrotoxicosis, you would expect thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) to be _____ and free T4 to be _____.

Decreased, Normal

True or False: Symptoms of hyperthyroidism are usually do to parasympathetic hyperstimulation.

False, symptoms of hyperthyroidism are usually do to sympathetic hyperstimulation.

True or False: Thyrotoxicosis can be measured using thyroid stimulating hormone.

False, thyrotoxicosis must be measured using an assay of thyroid hormone levels in the plasma, such as T3 and T4.

True or False: Treatment for subclinical thyroiditis is often unnecessary and not recommended.

False, treatment for subclinical thyroiditis is recommended because of the associated potential risks.

In terms of iodine uptake, what common cause of hyperthyroidism is associated with uniform uptake?

Graves disease

What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in the US?

Graves disease

_____ is an autoimmune disease. It most commonly affects the thyroid, frequently causing it to enlarge, become overactive, with related hyperthyroid symptoms.

Graves disease

Radioactive iodine treatment for hyperthyroidism commonly causes _____.

Hypothyroidism

What antithyroid medication is usually the mainstay of hyperthyroidism?

Methimazole

In a patient a toxic adenoma, you would expect thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) to be _____ and free T4 to be _____.

Normal/Increased, Increased

_____ is a complication of hyperthyroidism charcterized by waxy, discolored induration of the skin on the anterior aspect of the lower legs.

Pretibial myxedema

What antithyroid medication can be used in the first trimester of pregnancy but is often associated with severe liver problems?

Propylthiouracil (PTU)

What is the most common treatment for hyperthyroidism?

Radioactive iodine

What laboratory finding or marker is specifc to graves disease?

Thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI)

_____ is an acute, life-threatening, hypermetabolic state induced by excessive release of thyroid hormones in individuals with thyrotoxicosis.

Thyroid storm

In terms of iodine uptake, what common cause of hyperthyroidism is associated with a single high uptake area?

Toxic adenoma

In terms of iodine uptake, what common cause of hyperthyroidism is associated with multiple uptake areas?

Toxic multinodular goiter (Plummers disease)

What cause of hyperthyroidism is usually in older individuals with long standing goiters?

Toxic multinodular goiter (Plummers disease)

True or False: Treatment for subacute thyroiditis is often unnecessary and not recommended.

True