Human Resources Chap 4

Work-flow analysis are useful in:

-provides a way for the managers to understand all the tasks required to produce a high-quality product -providing the skills necessary to perform those tasks

Two important dimensions of structure are:

1. Centralization 2. Departmentalization

Scientific management

is one of the earliest mechanistic approaches sought to identify the one best way to perform the job through the use of time-and-motion studies

Motivational approach focuses on increasing job complexity through:

job enlargement job enrichment the construction of jobs around sociotechnical systems

Job Analysis Information: Job Specification

list of knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics (KSAOs)

Job Analysis Information: Job Description

list of tasks, duties, and responsibilities (TDRs)

Biological Approach: Ergonomics

making this more safe from biological perspective -reducing occupational injuries -chair gives proper support, computer stand is fixed so you won't hurt yourself -give ppl stools

Four approaches used in job design are:

mechanistic approach motivational approach biological approach perceptual-motor approach

The motivational approach to job design focuses on the job characteristics that affects:

the psychological meaning motivational potential of job design

Goal of Biological Approach:

to minimize the physical strain on the worker.

The Importance of Job Analysis to Line Managers:

Managers must have info about all the jobs in their group to understand the work-flow process. Managers need to understand the job requirements to make intelligent hiring decisions. Managers must clearly understand the tasks required in every job.

Goal of Perceptual-Motor Approach:

design jobs that do not exceed people's mental capabilities.

Job Characteristics Model

how job design affects employee reaction

ACTIVITY

what tasks are required?

Equipment

- facilities - systems

People

- knowledge - skills - abilities

Raw Inputs

- material - information

OUTPUT

- product/service - how measured?

Mechanistic Approach

-Has its roots in classical industrial engineering. -Focuses on designing jobs around the concepts of: task specialization, skill simplification, Repetition -Scientific management -fastest way to get job done*

Biological Approach

Comes primarily from the sciences of biomechanics, or the study of body movements

Perceptual-Motor Approach:

Has its roots in the human-factors literature. Focuses on human mental capabilities and limitations. Tries to improve reliability, safety, and user reactions by designing jobs in a way that reduces the information processing requirements of the job.

Sample Job Description:

Job Title: General Description of Job: 1. Essential duty (40%) Maintenance of Equipment 2. Essential duty (40%) Repair of Equipment 3. Essential duty (10%) Testing and Approval 4. Essential duty (10%) Maintain Stock Nonessential functions:

Work flow analysis includes

analyzing work outputs analyzing work processes analyzing work inputs

Biological Approach focuses on outcomes such as:

physical fatigue aches and pains health complaints

Organizational Structure

provides a cross-sectional overview of the static relationship between individuals and units that create the outputs.