Human Resources Chap 4
Work-flow analysis are useful in:
-provides a way for the managers to understand all the tasks required to produce a high-quality product -providing the skills necessary to perform those tasks
Two important dimensions of structure are:
1. Centralization 2. Departmentalization
Scientific management
is one of the earliest mechanistic approaches sought to identify the one best way to perform the job through the use of time-and-motion studies
Motivational approach focuses on increasing job complexity through:
job enlargement job enrichment the construction of jobs around sociotechnical systems
Job Analysis Information: Job Specification
list of knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics (KSAOs)
Job Analysis Information: Job Description
list of tasks, duties, and responsibilities (TDRs)
Biological Approach: Ergonomics
making this more safe from biological perspective -reducing occupational injuries -chair gives proper support, computer stand is fixed so you won't hurt yourself -give ppl stools
Four approaches used in job design are:
mechanistic approach motivational approach biological approach perceptual-motor approach
The motivational approach to job design focuses on the job characteristics that affects:
the psychological meaning motivational potential of job design
Goal of Biological Approach:
to minimize the physical strain on the worker.
The Importance of Job Analysis to Line Managers:
Managers must have info about all the jobs in their group to understand the work-flow process. Managers need to understand the job requirements to make intelligent hiring decisions. Managers must clearly understand the tasks required in every job.
Goal of Perceptual-Motor Approach:
design jobs that do not exceed people's mental capabilities.
Job Characteristics Model
how job design affects employee reaction
ACTIVITY
what tasks are required?
Equipment
- facilities - systems
People
- knowledge - skills - abilities
Raw Inputs
- material - information
OUTPUT
- product/service - how measured?
Mechanistic Approach
-Has its roots in classical industrial engineering. -Focuses on designing jobs around the concepts of: task specialization, skill simplification, Repetition -Scientific management -fastest way to get job done*
Biological Approach
Comes primarily from the sciences of biomechanics, or the study of body movements
Perceptual-Motor Approach:
Has its roots in the human-factors literature. Focuses on human mental capabilities and limitations. Tries to improve reliability, safety, and user reactions by designing jobs in a way that reduces the information processing requirements of the job.
Sample Job Description:
Job Title: General Description of Job: 1. Essential duty (40%) Maintenance of Equipment 2. Essential duty (40%) Repair of Equipment 3. Essential duty (10%) Testing and Approval 4. Essential duty (10%) Maintain Stock Nonessential functions:
Work flow analysis includes
analyzing work outputs analyzing work processes analyzing work inputs
Biological Approach focuses on outcomes such as:
physical fatigue aches and pains health complaints
Organizational Structure
provides a cross-sectional overview of the static relationship between individuals and units that create the outputs.