CHAPTER 5 Leadership—The Integrative Variable

consultative leadership style

A leadership style in which the leader goes to individual group members seeking additional information that will help him or her solve the problem or make the decision

Reward power

Being able to reward employees

8. The behavioral model identifies two basic types of leadership behavior, which are

Consideration Initiating structure.

Behavioral Theory, there are two basic styles of leadership, which are

Consideration. Friendship, trust , respect Initiating Structure. Well defined by organization procedures.

11. Under the _____, first developed by Fred Fiedler and associates, the leader's style must match the demands of a specific situation.

Contingency model

conceptional skills

Development of one knowledge of the overall organization and how their unit fits in.

Conceptual skills.

Development of one's knowledge of the overall organization and awareness of how the unit fits into the organization will allow the supervisor to work toward the attainment of the organizational goals and increased efficiencies.

Human skills.

Development of the ability to understand why people behave the way they do in order to effectively change, direct and control behavior. These skills involve motivation, communication and direction.

Three leadership behaviors used when the leader wants to influence the behavior of officers:

Directive Consultative Participative

Trait Theory

Identifying qualities a person possesses when functioning as a effective leader. Capacity Achievement responsibility Participation Status

Behavioral Theory

Initiating Structure-Leaders behavioral in relationship between them and subordinates. Establish well-defined organization and communication. Consideration-Leaders behavior indicative of friendship, trust, respect between the leader and the members.

10. A supervisor who has activities carefully planned and communicated, has deadlines established and gives instructions is said to be emphasizing

Initiating structure.

participative leadership style

Leader fosters two-way communication and subordinates are involved in the decision making process.

5. Personal power sources include

Legitimate Coercive Reward

15. In participative management, a manager _____ performs a task alone when it can be accomplished through the efforts of others.

Never

3. Supervisory skills include

Operational Human Conceptual.

1. According to the nationwide survey cited in the text, in a typical police organization, first-line supervisors......

Outnumber managers in all other administrative positions.

Three facts in the Contingency Theory:

Position power-capacity to get officers to accept and comply directions. Task structure-when tasks are defined carefully, it is easier for the leader to control the operation and can be held responsible. Personal relationships- A good relationship between the leader and subordinates let the leader influence the behavior of the subordinates.

Coercive Power

Power based on fear.

Legitimate Power

Power that comes from policy and written directives outlining a supervisor's authority and responsibilities.

Expert Power

Power that comes from the subordinates' knowledge that the supervisor possesses a greater amount of knowledge.

Referent Power.

Power that is associated with the leader's personality. Sometimes identified as charisma, it is a quality that makes the supervisor likable.

4. Positional power sources include

Referent Expert

7. Ralph Stogdill's identified a group of traits associated with leadership effectiveness includes

Status Responsibility Capacity

13. For the newly appointed supervisor whose influence is limited, the leadership style that will be most effective is

Task-oriented. Initiating Structure

2 Sergeants need to divide their time between doing and managing, which can be referred to as.....

The 50 percent rule.

Contingency Theory

The leaders style must match the demands of the specific situation.

Leadership.

The process of influencing group activities toward the achievement of goals.

Operational skills

These skills involve technical, methods, and equipment

Operational skills.

These skills involve techniques, methods and use of equipment.

6. The theories of leadership can be grouped into which three categories?

Trait theories Behavioral theories Contingency theories

2. The move to a first-line supervisory position in law enforcement requires greater consideration of human skills.

True

10. The contingency theory incorporates various indexes of power that include the leader's official rank and status and the leader's ability to recommend punishments and rewards.

Ture

11. When tasks are defined, it is much easier for a supervisor to control operational tasks, and officers can be held responsible for their actions or inactions.

Ture

12. According to Contingency theory, a structured task is enforceable, while the unstructured task is ambiguous and difficult or impossible to enforce.

Ture

13. There is no one style of leadership that will be successful all the time with everyone you are supervising.

Ture

15. The consultative supervisor shows a concern for officers and their needs, as well as organizational needs.

Ture

18. A participative leadership style can only be utilized when the supervisor has a genuine belief in and respect for subordinates.

Ture

19. Participative leadership advantages are that employees are motivated and communication is improved.

Ture

A person becoming a supervisor must shift from a focus on operational skills to a greater consideration of human and conceptual skills.

Ture

Supervisors operate from a position of power based on the authority delegated to the supervisor.

Ture

The decision involves the personal or work life of an officer and input is sought demonstrates a consultative style of leadership.

Ture

9. A supervisor who feels comfortable emphasizing consideration is likely to use

Two-way communication Show respect for officers' ideas.

Human Skills

Understand why people behave the way they do to effectively change, direct, and control behavior. Communication, motivation, and direction

directive leadership style

leaders function where employees have little (if any) input in planning and decision making

14. Interaction of the leadership style, extent of control and the situational dimension result in a position whereby the relationship-oriented leader is most effective in a _____ situation, and the task-oriented leader is most effective in _____ or _____ situations.

moderate control high control low control

Directive

supervisor exhibits little concern for officers and allows little or no involvement in the decision-making process. A directive leader uses the authority of the position to attain subordinate obedience.

Four roles critical to effective leadership:

1. Direction Setter 2. Change Agent 3. Spokesperson 4. Coach

Effective leadership leads to the accomplishment of clearly defined tasks. Four roles are critical to effective leadership:

1. Directional setter. 2. Change agent. 3. Spokesperson. 4. Coach.

According to More, first-line supervisors can extend power by using the following techniques:

1. Persuasion. A technique that has the supervisor communicate the reason and justification when exerting influence over others. 2. Patience. A technique that has the supervisor showing consideration to the shortcomings and weaknesses of each employee and balancing these against an immediate desire to attain objectives. 3. Enlightenment. Development of the ability to accept and value the insights, discernment and seasoning of subordinates. 4. Openness. The ability to accept officers for who they are now and for what they can become as growth occurs. Requires accurate awareness of goals, values, desires and intentions. 5. Consistency. Doing what is expected of you, so that your subordinates will always know where you are coming from and never have to feel as though they are being manipulated. 6. Integrity. Striving for control that can only be interpreted as fair, impartial and nonmanipulative.