Chapter 5 MANA 3319

Which of the following plays a role in the moral awareness involved in identifying an act as unethical, the moral judgment to fully consider the repercussions, and the moral character to take the ethical action? A. Courage B. Legitimacy C. Intelligence D. Compliance E. Knowledge

A. Courage

_____ responsibilities of business are to produce goods and services that society wants at a price that perpetuates the business and satisfies its obligations to investors. A. Economic B. Legal C. Financial D. Philanthropic E. Ethical

A. Economic

_____ considers acceptable behavior to be that which maximizes benefits for the individual. A. Egoism B. Ethnocentrism C. Relativism D. Universalism E. Utilitarianism

A. Egoism

Which of the following levels of the pyramid of global corporate social responsibility and performance represents a company's requirement to be profitable? A. Economic responsibility B. Relative responsibility C. Ethical responsibility D. Philanthropic responsibility E. Legal responsibility

A. Economic responsibility

Scenario A: An organization faces an ethical dilemma. A problem with the accounting process has resulted in higher profits being reported than were actually earned. A meeting has been arranged where senior management would decide how to handle the situation. The people at the table have varying views of what action to take and why.Ethan wants to report the error immediately because he believes he could possibly go to jail if it isn't reported right away.Tripp wants to report the error because it is the honest thing to do, and therefore necessary.After hearing his colleagues' opinions, Carlos says he wants to report the error as well because he wants to go along with the more experienced managers in the group. 96. Which of the following best describes the ethical system used by Tripp to make his decision? A. Universalism B. Egoism C. Utilitarianism D. Relativism E. Virtue ethics

A. Universalism

Which of the following options best describes the ethical approach used in option 3? A. Universalism B. Egoism C. Utilitarianism D. Relativism E. Virtue ethics

A. Universalism

Assume the meeting ending with employees deciding that none of them will report or do anything about any possible unethical behavior. Walt, an employee who was present in the meeting, reports the issue to his manager who was not present in the meeting. Which of the following best describes the action taken by Walt? A. Whistleblowing B. Relativism C. Ethnocentrism D. Shadowing E. Unethical stance

A. Whistleblowing

Compliance-based ethics programs are typically designed by _____. A. corporate counsel B. employees C. top executives D. stockholders/owners E. focus groups of customers

A. corporate counsel

In Scenario D, according to Kohlberg's model of cognitive moral development, Mack can be categorized as being in the _____ stage. A. preconventional B. conventional C. principled D. unconventional E. operational

A. preconventional

Which of the following types of ethics program does Adrian prefer for the company? A. Associate-based B. Compliance-based C. Integrity-based D. Systems-based E. Consensus-based

B. Compliance-based

Cassandra's behavior is typically guided by what she thinks would be acceptable to her parents. According to Kohlberg, which of the following stages of moral development does Cassandra's behavior exemplify? A. Utilitarian stage B. Conventional stage C. Principled stage D. Preconventional stage E. Conclusive stage

B. Conventional stage

Which of the following responsibilities lies at the base of the pyramid of global corporate social responsibility and performance? A. Legal B. Economic C. Moral D. Ethical E. Philanthropic

B. Economic

Scenario B: Suppose a manager faces a question regarding how to handle a defective piece of equipment that his company sold. Telling the customer would cost him a substantial amount of money. At the same time, if the equipment fails, it could lead to serious injury of the customer. The manager is going to choose between three options presented by colleagues: Option 1: Keep quiet about the defect. Option 2: Talk to others and see what they would have done in the same situation.Option 3: Disclose the defect and suggest alternatives because it is the honest thing to do. 100. Which of the following terms best describes the ethical approach used in option 1? A. Universalism B. Egoism C. Utilitarianism D. Relativism E. Virtue ethics

B. Egoism

Which of the following best describes the ethical system used by Ethan to make his decision? A. Universalism B. Egoism C. Utilitarianism D. Relativism E. Virtue ethics

B. Egoism

_____ is the system of rules that governs the ordering of values. A. Ethnocentrism B. Ethics C. Dynamics D. Legitimacy E. Dialectics

B. Ethics

Which of the following is a danger sign that organizations may be allowing or even encouraging unethical behavior? A. Excessive emphasis over long-term consideration over short-term revenues B. Failure to establish a written code of ethics C. An informal corporate structure D. Flexible timings that allow employees to choose their hours of work E. Multiple levels of supervision and monitoring

B. Failure to establish a written code of ethics

Which of the following statements about the Sarbanes-Oxley Act is true? A. It was passed in 1992. B. It requires strict adherence to accounting rules. C. It gives senior managers power to not sign off on financial results. D. It is intended to maintain truth in advertising. E. It requires whistleblowers to be fired.

B. It requires strict adherence to accounting rules.

Which of the following statements about the Sarbanes-Oxley Act is true? A. It was passed in 1992. B. It requires strict adherence to accounting rules. C. It gives senior managers the power to not sign off on financial results. D. It is intended to maintain truth in advertising. E. It requires whistleblowers to be fired.

B. It requires strict adherence to accounting rules.

_____ is a process of analyzing all inputs and outputs, through the entire "cradle-to-grave" life of a product, to determine the total environmental impact of the production and use of a product. A. Ecocentric management B. Life-cycle analysis C. Sustainable growth D. SWOT analysis E. Trend analysis

B. Life-cycle analysis

Gita's presentation most likely centered on taking which of the following actions? A. Production of goods and services that society wants at a price that perpetuates the business and satisfies its obligations to investors B. Obeying all laws that affect Valley's operations C. Doing the right thing regardless of what the law says D. Supporting Jeremiah's proposal E. Engaging in additional behaviors and activities that society finds desirable and that the values of the business support

B. Obeying all laws that affect Valley's operations

_____ acknowledges the existence of different ethical viewpoints and uses norms as guidelines. A. Virtue ethics B. Relativism C. Universalism D. Utilitarianism E. Egoism

B. Relativism

Which of the following best describes an ethical perspective that goes beyond the conventional rules of society by suggesting that what is moral must also come from what a mature person with good "moral character" would deem right? A. Business ethics B. Virtue ethics C. Relativism D. Utilitarianism E. Egoism

B. Virtue ethics

Beth is a marketing agent. Most of her colleagues fill out inaccurate time records in the office log so that they are eligible for extra pay. Beth can either do the same thing or log in real, accurate details. This situation of Beth is an example of _____. A. a moral rights debate B. an ethical issue C. kyosei D. an avoidance situation E. greenwashing

B. an ethical issue

Compliance-based ethics programs: A. are company mechanisms designed to instill in people a personal responsibility for ethical behavior. B. are designed by corporate counsel to prevent, detect, and punish legal violations. C. define ethical behavior as that which maximizes consequences for the individual. D. define ethical system stating that the greatest good for the greatest number should be the overriding concern of decision makers. E. are designed by the employees to define what ethical standards they should follow.

B. are designed by corporate counsel to prevent, detect, and punish legal violations.

An ethics program that is designed by corporate counsel to detect, prevent, and punish legal violations is called a _____ ethics program. A. life-cycle-based B. compliance-based C. competency-based D. relativism-based E. responsibility-based

B. compliance-based

Scenario C: Adrian and Clarke, managers from different departments at Clarion Bank, are discussing the troubling behavior of a bank employee. Adrian says that it is the responsibility of high-level managers to take steps and prevent offenses by punishing wrongdoers. However, Clarke believes that every individual should take personal responsibility for his behavior and that everyone needs to understand how to do the right thing. 103. In Scenario C, each of the managers tend to be responsible for creating a different _____ in their respective departments. A. legal responsibility B. ethical climate C. sustainable growth D. organizational structure E. corporate culture

B. ethical climate

The _____ of an organization refers to the processes by which decisions are evaluated and made on the basis of right and wrong. A. corporate social responsibility B. ethical climate C. ecocentric management D. legal responsibility E. moral obligation

B. ethical climate

As one of the goals of transcendent education, learning how to give as well as take, to others in the present as well as to those in the future is called _____. A. empathy B. generativity C. mutuality D. civil aspiration E. intolerance of ineffective humanity

B. generativity

Going beyond legal compliance with ADA standards and training people to understand that individuals with disabilities also have valued abilities is an example of a(n)_____ ethics program. A. compliance-based B. integrity-based C. egoism-based D. competency-based E. utilitarianism-based

B. integrity-based

Making ethical decisions takes moral _____, which involves knowing what actions are morally defensible. A. awareness B. judgment C. character D. action E. certainty

B. judgment

Within the pyramid of global corporate social responsibility and performance, doing what is required by global stakeholders is categorized as a(n) _____ responsibility. A. economic B. legal C. financial D. philanthropic E. ethical

B. legal

Corporate social responsibility is the _____. A. ethical system stating that all people should uphold certain values that society needs to function B. obligation toward society assumed by business C. system that defines acceptable behavior as that which maximizes consequences for the individual D. ideology that the greatest good for the greatest number should be the overriding concern of decision makers E. maximization of shareholder wealth

B. obligation toward society assumed by business

The _____ ethical framework encourages employees to consider whether they would like to see their decisions displayed on the front page of the newspaper. A. Kohlberg B. sunshine C. Sarbanes-Oxley D. egoism E. utilitarian

B. sunshine

Telling others, inside or outside the organization, about wrongdoing is called _____. A. ethical shadowing B. whistleblowing C. egoism D. ethical interference E. moral consequences

B. whistleblowing

_____ has as its primary goal the creation of sustainable economic development and improvement of quality of life worldwide for all organizational stakeholders. A. Corporate social responsibility B. Life-cycle analysis C. Ecocentric management D. Transcendent education E. Integrity-based ethics program

C. Ecocentric management

The management of an organization follows the ideology that if they work keeping in mind the company's own economic self-interest, the total wealth of the society will be maximized. Which of the following best describes the ethical system used by the organization? A. Ethnocentrism B. Relativism C. Egoism D. Universalism E. Utilitarianism

C. Egoism

Which of the following is a goal of a transcendent education? A. Persuasion B. Independence C. Empathy D. Candidness E. Persistence

C. Empathy

Which of the following responsibilities of business did Pork producer Smithfield Foods take on by discontinuing the practice of confining sows in gestation crates during pregnancy, conforming to external expectations though not legally required? A. Financial responsibility B. Economic responsibility C. Ethical responsibility D. Legal responsibility E. Philanthropic responsibility

C. Ethical responsibility

Which of the following types of ethics program does Clarke prefer for the company? A. Associate-based B. Compliance-based C. Integrity-based D. Systems-based E. Consensus-based

C. Integrity-based

Which of the five goals of a transcendent education involves viewing success not merely as personal gain, but as a common victory? A. Empathy B. Generativity C. Mutuality D. Civil aspiration E. Intolerance of ineffective humanity

C. Mutuality

Bina downloaded music from the Internet on her office computer. As all of her colleagues did it, she thought it was fine to do so. In this scenario, which of the following ethical systems has Bina used to rationalize her decision? A. Egoism B. Virtue ethics C. Relativism D. Universalism E. Utilitarianism

C. Relativism

_____ is a philosophy that bases ethical behavior on the opinions and behaviors of relevant other people. A. Egoism B. Virtue ethics C. Relativism D. Universalism E. Utilitarianism

C. Relativism

_____ is the ethical system stating that all people should uphold certain values that society needs to function. A. Relativism B. Egoism C. Universalism D. Ethnocentrism E. Utilitarianism

C. Universalism

Which of the following statements about unethical corporate behavior is true? A. When corporations behave unethically, only the top executives suffer. B. When corporations behave unethically, only the shareholders suffer. C. When corporations behave unethically, the rank-and-file employees suffer the most. D. When corporations behave badly, both top executives and rank-and-file employees are shielded from the fallout. E. There is no evidence that corporations today ever behave unethically.

C. When corporations behave unethically, the rank-and-file employees suffer the most.

Integrity-based ethics programs involve _____. A. stated ethics, rules, and policies B. corporate social responsiveness C. a set of guiding principles D. monitoring and punishment E. discretionary social responsibility

C. a set of guiding principles

Making ethical decisions takes moral _____ which helps realize that an issue has ethical implications. A. certainty B. actionability C. awareness D. judgment E. character

C. awareness

The order of the levels in the pyramid of global corporate social responsibility and performance from bottom to top is _____. A. economic, legal, philanthropic, and ethical B. ethical, economic, legal, and philanthropic C. economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic D. legal, economic, ethical, and philanthropic E. philanthropic, economic, legal, and ethical

C. economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic

In Scenario E, Ellen's presentation most likely focused on the _____ responsibility of the firm. A. economic B. legal C. ethical D. social E. philanthropic

C. ethical

A person who sees beyond authority, laws, and norms and follows his own self-chosen ethical principles is most likely to be in the _____ stage of Kohlberg's model of cognitive moral development. A. utilitarian B. conventional C. principled D. preconventional E. intermediate

C. principled

Scenario D: John and Mack are colleagues who witnessed one of their team members, Jake, using the office telephone to make an emergency personal call, which is prohibited in their company. The management had previously announced that those who report wrongdoing of fellow employees will be rewarded. John decided not to report Jake's act to the management since it involved an emergency situation. However, Mack decided to do so with the hope of being rewarded. 106. In Scenario D, according to Kohlberg's model of cognitive moral development, John can be categorized as being in the _____ stage. A. preconventional B. conventional C. principled D. unconventional E. operational

C. principled

Economic growth and development that meet present needs without harming the needs of future generations is known as _____. A. ecocentric management B. risk management C. sustainable growth D. resource management E. ecocentric growth

C. sustainable growth

According to John Rawls, only a person ignorant of his own identity can make a truly ethical decision. This thought process is based on _____. A. ethical shielding B. the veil of understanding C. the veil of ignorance D. ethical certainty E. ethical ignorance

C. the veil of ignorance

A(n) _____ has five higher goals that balance self-interest with responsibility to others. A. utilitarian education B. universalism education C. transcendent education D. integrity-based ethics program E. compliance-based ethics program

C. transcendent education

Which of the following is true of whistleblowing? A. The road for whistleblowers is easy and painless. B. Whistleblowers are often encouraged by their company to go public. C. Whistleblowers are seldom given undesirable assignments. D. Many whistleblowers suffer consequences such as being ostracized. E. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act prohibits whistleblowing.

D. Many whistleblowers suffer consequences such as being ostracized.

_____ refers to the principles, rules, and values people use in deciding what is right or wrong. A. Ethical issue B. Social capital C. Emotional intelligence D. Moral philosophy E. Legal positivism

D. Moral philosophy

Which level of the pyramid of global corporate social responsibility and performance represents a company's efforts to be a good global corporate citizen, such as supporting community programs? A. Economic responsibility B. Legal responsibility C. Ethical responsibility D. Philanthropic responsibility E. Financial responsibility

D. Philanthropic responsibility

According to Kohlberg's model of cognitive moral development, people in which of the following stages tend to make decisions based on rewards and punishments and immediate self-interest? A. Principled stage B. Conventional stage C. Righteous stage D. Preconventional stage E. Unconventional stage

D. Preconventional stage

Shannon is a marketing agent who determines his work behavior solely on whether he thinks he can do them without receiving immediate punishment from his boss. According to Kohlberg, which of the following stages of moral development does Shannon's behavior exemplify? A. Principled stage B. Conventional stage C. Righteous stage D. Preconventional stage E. Unconventional stage

D. Preconventional stage

Which of the following is one of Kohlberg's stages of cognitive moral development? A. Unconventional B. Emotional C. Relative D. Principled E. Developed

D. Principled

Which of the following best describes the ethical system used by Carlos to make his decision? A. Universalism B. Egoism C. Utilitarianism D. Relativism E. Virtue ethics

D. Relativism

Which of the following terms best describes the ethical approach used in option 2? A. Universalism B. Egoism C. Utilitarianism D. Relativism E. Virtue ethics

D. Relativism

Ashleigh works as a receptionist for a law firm. Some of the lawyers have asked her to tell callers that they are in court when in fact they are playing golf. She wanted to quit the job because she hated to lie to people and believes that all people should uphold certain values that society needs to function. Which of the following best describes the ethical system used by Ashleigh to make the decision? A. Egoism B. Ethnocentrism C. Relativism D. Universalism E. Utilitarianism

D. Universalism

As one of the goals of transcendent education, thinking not just in terms of "don'ts," but also in terms of positive contributions is called _____. A. empathy B. generativity C. mutuality D. civil aspiration E. intolerance of ineffective humanity

D. civil aspiration

FoodieZ, a fast food manufacturer, changed the packaging of its sandwiches to minimize waste. Additionally, it uses recycled paper to bag its products. FoodieZ states that these actions make the earth a "better place to eat." In this scenario, FoodieZ is participating in _____. A. deregulation B. corporate entrepreneurship C. maximizing customer actualization D. corporate social responsibility E. corporate wealth enhancement

D. corporate social responsibility

The Caux Principles are based on two ethical ideals: A. fairness and equality. B. self-fulfillment and sharing. C. unity and respect. D. kyosei and human dignity. E. honesty and happiness.

D. kyosei and human dignity.

To behave ethically, an individual will require: A. social capital. B. competitive intelligence. C. creative thinking. D. moral character. E. technical skills.

D. moral character.

The process for ethical decision making begins with: A. defining the complete moral problem. B. developing an ethical framework and determining the economic outcomes. C. considering the legal requirements and evaluating the legal duties. D. understanding all moral standards and recognizing all moral impacts. E. proposing a convincing moral solution.

D. understanding all moral standards and recognizing all moral impacts.

Which of the following levels of corporate social responsibility of business includes meeting societal expectations that are not written as law? A. Economic B. Legal C. Social D. Philanthropic E. Ethical

E. Ethical

Which of the following should be done for constructing an effective ethics code? A. Keep it complex, formal, and rigid so that employees realize how serious it is. B. Make it as catchy and clever as possible. C. Involve only the legal department and top executives in writing the statement. D. Let the employees construct the ethics code according to their ideologies. E. Focus on real-life situations that employees can relate to.

E. Focus on real-life situations that employees can relate to.

Which of the following is most likely to be the last step in an ideal ethical decision-making process? A. Defining the complete moral problem B. Developing an ethical framework C. Determining the legal requirements D. Understanding all moral standards E. Proposing a moral solution

E. Proposing a moral solution

Having the strength and persistence to act in accordance with one's ethics despite the challenges is referred to as moral _____. A. awareness B. judgment C. certainty D. action E. character

E. character

As one of the goals of a transcendent education, speaking out against unethical actions is called _____. A. empathy B. generativity C. mutuality D. civil aspiration E. intolerance of ineffective humanity

E. intolerance of ineffective humanity

Advocates of corporate social responsibility argue that: A. organizations ought to be profit-seeking and that when they concentrate on this motive, they will benefit society. B. organizations' only responsibilities are clearly defined by the laws and regulations imposed upon them. C. organizations' responsibilities are to attempt to satisfy all relevant stakeholders' interests. D. it is unethical for unelected business leaders to spend shareholders' money on projects unconnected to key business interests. E. organizations have a wider range of responsibilities that extend beyond the production of goods and services at a profit.

E. organizations have a wider range of responsibilities that extend beyond the production of goods and services at a profit.

Home Depot supports Habitat for Humanity, a nonprofit that builds affordable housing for those struggling with poverty, housing, or homelessness. Donation to such an organization is an example of _____ responsibility. A. economic B. legal C. conventional D. ethical E. philanthropic

E. philanthropic

Scenario E: Senior management at Valley Development is attending a corporate retreat, and the first item for discussion is corporate social responsibility (CSR). The group has discussed this before and then shot it down because it generally costs Valley's shareholders in the form of reduced distributions. But the new VP, Gita Halle, is about to explain why she believes CSR will actually benefit the shareholders and Valley management alike. Her team begins the presentation with a discussion of CSR, both its current definition and reconciliation of past views. Jeremiah then discusses the importance of being a good global corporate citizen by supporting the local school system. Ellen takes the floor to make the case for doing what is expected by global stakeholders even though there are no laws requiring those actions. Finally Gita wraps the discussion up by defining why Valley should take legal responsibility for the firm's performance. 108. In Scenario E, Jeremiah's presentation most likely focuses on the _____ responsibility of the firm. A. economic B. legal C. ethical D. financial E. philanthropic

E. philanthropic

Utilitarianism is centered around the idea that: A. ethical ideas depend on kyosei and human dignity. B. an ethical system should define acceptable behavior as that which maximizes consequences for the individual. C. an ethical system with no rules will help bring out the best of people. D. ethical behavior should be based on the opinions and behaviors of relevant other people. E. the greatest good for the greatest number should be the overriding concern of decision makers.

E. the greatest good for the greatest number should be the overriding concern of decision makers.