chapter 5 nutrition

sarah is a college student who wants to increase her fiber intake. Select all of the following foods you would recommend

brown rice, nuts, beans, seeds, fresh or frozen fruit

the chronic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels is

diabetes

what is the primary difference between dietary fiber and starch?

dietary fiber cannot be digested by humans but starch can be

the varying blood glucose response to different carbohydrate containing foods can be rated by the

glycemic index

slelect risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes

having family members with it, sedentary lifestyle, being overweight

high fiber intakes are associated with __ than low fiber intakes

healthier body weight

you will be diagnosed with metabolic syndrome if you have 3 or more of the following

high fasting blood glucose levels, large waist circumference, high fasting HDL cholesterol levels

match the hormone on its effect on blood glucose

insulin- decreases blood glucose glucagon - increases blood glucose

when bacteria in the colon metabolize fiber , they produce

intestinal gas

which events occur in the large intestines or rectum?

intestinal gas is produced, soluble fiber is fermented by bacteria, very little dietary carbohydrate is excreted

the bacteria used to make yogurt converts much of the lactose in milk to

lactic acid

which of the following are disaccharides?

lactose(glucose + galactose) sucrose(glucose +fructose) maltose( 2galactose)

what steps can a person take to possibly reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes?

lose excess weight, exercise regularly, consume a healthy balanced diet

Lactose is commonly called

milk sugar

the three most important single sugars or ___ are glucose, fructose, and galactose

monosaccarides

which of the following yields 4 calories per gram?

monosaccharides, table sugar, polysaccharides

salivary amylase initiates carbohydrate digestion in the

mouth

the absorption of carbohydrates usually occurs in the

small intestine

the type of fiber that can reduce blood cholesterol and glucose levels is ____ fiber.

soluble

which scenarios can occur with excess carbohydrate intake beyond what is needed for cells to meet their energy needs?

some glucose is converted into fat and some glucose is converted into glycogen

glucose is stored in plants as __ and in animals as __

starch in plants and glycogen in animals

Hypoglycemia occurs when blood glucose falls below

<70 mg/dL

what is the recommended limit of teaspoons of added sugar per day for a 2000-kcal diet according to the usda?

12 tsp

approximately how many times sweeter are nonnutritive sweeteners compared to sugar?

200-300 times sweeter

Based on the DRIs, nutritionally adequate diets should provide __ % to __% of total calories from carbs

45-65%

what are two ways for people with diabetes to monitor their blood glucose levels

daily blood glucose testing, measuring hemoglobin AC1 levels

Rank the order of blood glucose regulation beginning with eating a meal

eating a meal, elevated blood glucose, insulin released from the pancreas, blood glucose levels return to normal

when you do not consume adequate carbohydrates, what other dietary components can be used to supply energy?

fat and protein

increasing your intake of dietary __ may reduce your risk of cholesterol cancer

fiber

the dietary polysaccharide that is not digested and thus passes through the intestinal tract is

fiber

in order for a non-nutritive sweetener to be considered sweet it must be approved by the

food and drug administration (FDA)

health problems common of someone with diabetes

frequent urination, excessive thirst, blurry vision

select the foods in which fructose is found naturally?

fruit and honey

The fetus of a mother with poorly controlled gestational diabetes will receive too much _______ from its mother

glucose

___ is the only monosaccharide found in maltose

glucose

diabetes is diagnosed when the body is unable to regulate blood levels of

glucose

what is the primary source of fuel for the body's cells?

glucose

sucrose is made up of which two monosaccharides

glucose and fructose

polysaccharides in plants and animals are comprised of long chains of __ molecules

gluscose

why is it not a good idea to consume excessive amounts of sugar alcohols?

they can cause diarrhea