chapter 5 nutrition
sarah is a college student who wants to increase her fiber intake. Select all of the following foods you would recommend
brown rice, nuts, beans, seeds, fresh or frozen fruit
the chronic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels is
diabetes
what is the primary difference between dietary fiber and starch?
dietary fiber cannot be digested by humans but starch can be
the varying blood glucose response to different carbohydrate containing foods can be rated by the
glycemic index
slelect risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes
having family members with it, sedentary lifestyle, being overweight
high fiber intakes are associated with __ than low fiber intakes
healthier body weight
you will be diagnosed with metabolic syndrome if you have 3 or more of the following
high fasting blood glucose levels, large waist circumference, high fasting HDL cholesterol levels
match the hormone on its effect on blood glucose
insulin- decreases blood glucose glucagon - increases blood glucose
when bacteria in the colon metabolize fiber , they produce
intestinal gas
which events occur in the large intestines or rectum?
intestinal gas is produced, soluble fiber is fermented by bacteria, very little dietary carbohydrate is excreted
the bacteria used to make yogurt converts much of the lactose in milk to
lactic acid
which of the following are disaccharides?
lactose(glucose + galactose) sucrose(glucose +fructose) maltose( 2galactose)
what steps can a person take to possibly reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes?
lose excess weight, exercise regularly, consume a healthy balanced diet
Lactose is commonly called
milk sugar
the three most important single sugars or ___ are glucose, fructose, and galactose
monosaccarides
which of the following yields 4 calories per gram?
monosaccharides, table sugar, polysaccharides
salivary amylase initiates carbohydrate digestion in the
mouth
the absorption of carbohydrates usually occurs in the
small intestine
the type of fiber that can reduce blood cholesterol and glucose levels is ____ fiber.
soluble
which scenarios can occur with excess carbohydrate intake beyond what is needed for cells to meet their energy needs?
some glucose is converted into fat and some glucose is converted into glycogen
glucose is stored in plants as __ and in animals as __
starch in plants and glycogen in animals
Hypoglycemia occurs when blood glucose falls below
<70 mg/dL
what is the recommended limit of teaspoons of added sugar per day for a 2000-kcal diet according to the usda?
12 tsp
approximately how many times sweeter are nonnutritive sweeteners compared to sugar?
200-300 times sweeter
Based on the DRIs, nutritionally adequate diets should provide __ % to __% of total calories from carbs
45-65%
what are two ways for people with diabetes to monitor their blood glucose levels
daily blood glucose testing, measuring hemoglobin AC1 levels
Rank the order of blood glucose regulation beginning with eating a meal
eating a meal, elevated blood glucose, insulin released from the pancreas, blood glucose levels return to normal
when you do not consume adequate carbohydrates, what other dietary components can be used to supply energy?
fat and protein
increasing your intake of dietary __ may reduce your risk of cholesterol cancer
fiber
the dietary polysaccharide that is not digested and thus passes through the intestinal tract is
fiber
in order for a non-nutritive sweetener to be considered sweet it must be approved by the
food and drug administration (FDA)
health problems common of someone with diabetes
frequent urination, excessive thirst, blurry vision
select the foods in which fructose is found naturally?
fruit and honey
The fetus of a mother with poorly controlled gestational diabetes will receive too much _______ from its mother
glucose
___ is the only monosaccharide found in maltose
glucose
diabetes is diagnosed when the body is unable to regulate blood levels of
glucose
what is the primary source of fuel for the body's cells?
glucose
sucrose is made up of which two monosaccharides
glucose and fructose
polysaccharides in plants and animals are comprised of long chains of __ molecules
gluscose
why is it not a good idea to consume excessive amounts of sugar alcohols?
they can cause diarrhea