Chapter 5 , Population Health
The greatest gains in dental school enrollment have been an expansion in the representation of what demographic?
Women
The group most impacted by ACA?
Young adults (19-25)
According to the National Cancer Institute Survey, what statement reflects the rate of oral cancer from 2007 to 2011? A.11 per 100,000 per year B.6.5 per 100,000 per year C.5 per 100,000 per year D.2.5 per 100,000 per year
11 per 100,000 per year
Between 1998 and 2008, the number of dental patient's at community health centers increased by what percentage?
158%
What is true concerning dental fluorosis? A.A 1999-2004 survey found that anterior teeth were more often affected than posterior teeth. B.In a 1999-2004 survey, very mild or greater dental fluorosis was observed in 67% of persons aged 4-49 years. C.Sixteen percent were categorized as having questionable fluorosis. D.Forty-eight percent had severe fluorosis.
16% were categorized as having questionable fluorosis
As reported in 2009- 2010 data, what percentage of 6 to 9-year-olds had at least one dental sealant placed? A.32% B.50% C.65% D.90%
32%
In 2012, how many older adults were in rolled in Medicare?
41 million
From a 2020 progress report, approximately what percentage of Americans visited the dentist during 2011? A.32% B.42% C.52% D.62%
42%
According to the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) in 2004, what percentage of the total US population age 65 and above had not had a dental visit within a year? A.35% B.45% C.50% D.60%
50%
During the period 1988-1994, what percentage of adults in the United States age 35-44 years had gingivitis? A.25% B.33% C.50% D.76%
50%
The federal share of Medicaid spending represents which percent in every state?
50%
Expenditures for dental care among the US civilian population not in institutions were what percentage of total healthcare expenditures in 2010? A.2.70% B.6.60% C.13.90% D.27.40%
6.6%
In the United States in 2013, how many children remain uninsured?
7 million
What is the current recommended concentration of fluoride in the water for prevention of dental caries? A.7% B.37% C.57% D.77%
7%
Severe periodontal disease affected what percent of dentate adults 35-49 years of age in 2009-2010? A.8.50% B.8.70% C.30% D.85%
8.5%
According to a national survey what percentage of persons aged 8-50 years had severe crowding of the anterior incisors? A.0.90% B.9.00% C.19.00% D.29.00%
9.0%
The definition for incisal trauma is what? A.Fractured enamel caused by a craniofacial insult B.A traumatic injury to either upper or lower permanent incisors C.A sports-related injury D.Fracture of enamel caused by malocclusion
A traumatic injury to either upper or lower permanent incisors
What age group has the highest prevalence of non-dental visits within a 5 year period? A.Children younger than 6 years of age B.Adolescents between 14 and 18 years of age C.Adults between 20 and 64 years of age D.Adults older than 65 years of age
Adults older than 65 years of age
The legislation that has impacted the evolution of the oral health care system is called what? A.Medicare B.Affordable Care Act (ACA) C.Head Start D.OSHA
Affordable Care Act (ACA)
What two factors impact tooth loss the most ? A.Age and education B.Education and gender C.Age and low income D.Low income and education
Age and low income
When at 200% or more below the federal poverty level, which group has the highest rate of being uninsured? A.Hispanic B.Non-Hispanic Black C.Non-Hispanic White D.All groups have the same rate of being uninsured
All groups have the same rate of being uninsured
What program is considered to be a safe and effective population - based measure to improve oral health and prevent oral disease? A.Daily oral hygiene B.School-based dental sealant program C.Clinical dental visit D.Healthy diet
B. School - based dental sealant program
What group is least likely to have dental coverage?
Children living at or near the federal poverty level
What population has the highest rate of untreated compared to other age groups? A.Vulnerable adult seniors B.Children 10-13 years old C.Children 6-9 years old D.Children 3-5 years old
D. Children 3 -5 years old
Which of the following provides one of the largest safety net systems of primary and preventative care in the United States?
Community health centers
Healthy people 2020 has provided us with:
Data on oral health status, oral health trends, and goals for improving the overall health of the nation
True or false The dentist to population ratio has increased since the 1980s. By 2025, the ratio will be at its highest level hundred years
False, False
What two demographic groups was least likely to have indicated an annual dental visit in 2004 according to the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)? A.Families with low income B.Families with low education C.Families with no symptoms D.Families with low income and low education
Families with low income and low education
Which of the following is the most equitable, cost-effective, and cost saving method of providing Fl- to the community? A.Fluoridated salt B.Fluoridation of the public water supply C.Fluoride mouth rinses D.In-office fluoride treatments with fluoride gels or foams
Fluoridation of the public water supply
What is true concerning results of the Pew Children's Dental Campaign assessment and grading of all 50 states and the District of Columbia on whether and how well they were implementing cost effective preventative strategies and promising policy approaches?
Grades dropped in six states, mostly because of the failure of Medicaid reimbursement rates not keeping pace with the growth in dental fees
The benefit received by those living in a nonfluoridated part of a state with a fluoridated water supply is called? A.Halo effect B.Shared benefit C.Minimal D.Pipeline effect
Halo "effect"
What is true concerning placement of dental sealants in the United States? A.A higher percentage of 14-year-old adolescents received dental sealants in the United States in 1999-2004 than 8-year-old children. B.Disparities in dental sealants are not apparent based on race and ethnicity. C.In 1999-2004, 8-year-old Mexican American children had fewer dental sealants than White or African American children. D.In 1999-2004, 14-year-old Mexican American adolescents had fewer dental sealants than White or African American children.
In 1999-2004, 14 year old Mexican American adolescence had fewer dental sealants then white or African-American children
One of the major challenges facing or meeting unmet oral health care needs is what?
Inadequate state funding of public programs
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act includes which of the following provisions?
Increases in funding for Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) grants, expansion of school based sealant programs, and expansion of access to optimally fluoridated water
What is true about the prevalence perio disease between male and female? A.Males/males. Males show a higher prevalence of periodontal disease, but a lower prevalence of moderate periodontal disease. B.Males/females. Males show a higher prevalence of periodontal disease; females show a lower prevalence of moderate periodontal disease. C.Females/males. Females show a higher prevalence of periodontal disease, but males show a lower prevalence of moderate periodontal disease. D.Females/females. Females show a higher prevalence of periodontal disease and a lower prevalence of moderate periodontal disease.
Males show a higher prevalence of periodontal disease; Females show a lower prevalence of moderate periodontal disease.
What tooth structures is/are most likely to be affected by a sports related injury? A.Maxillary incisors B.Mandibular incisors C.Upper lip D.Lower lip
Maxillary incisors, 90%
Since it's inception in 1965, which agency has functioned as the main pair of nursing home and other long-term care?
Medicaid
Public programs covering dental care include which of the following?
Medicaid and CHIP
What has the lowest 5-year cancer survivor rate? A.Localized B.Metastasized C.Spread to regional lymph nodes
Metastasized
Which of the following types of cancer occurs most frequently? A.Bone cancer B.Oral cancer C.Ovarian cancer D.Hodgkin's lymphoma
Oral cancer
What is true concerning the supply of general dentists in the United States?
The number of general dentists in the US started declining around the turn of the 21st century
Vulnerable population groups include what people?
Recent immigrants, prisoners, homeless persons
What is true regarding oral cancer and pharyngeal cancer? A.American Indian and Alaskan native men have the highest oral cancer rates. B.Recent studies have shown that the incidence is increasing for those cancers related to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. C.An estimated 18,880 deaths from oral and pharyngeal cancer are expected in 2015. D.The National Cancer Institute reported that oral cancer survival rates decreased approximately 15% in 2006.
Recent studies have shown that the incidence is increasing for those cancers related to the human papilloma virus (HPV) infection
Of the 50 largest US cities, who does not have Fl- water? A.San Jose, CA; Detroit, MI; Portland, ME B.Portland, ME; Albuquerque, NM; Fresno, CA C.Fresno, CA; Detroit, MI; Portland, ME D.Wichita, KS; Tucson, AZ; San Jose, CA
San Jose California, Wichita Kansas, Tucson Arizona
What two things together create a significant risk and increase for oral cancer in individuals?
Smoking and alcohol use together
Most oral cancers are called what? A.Osteogenic sarcomas B.Pleomorphic adenomas C.Squamous cell carcinomas D.Melanomas
Squamish cell carcinomas
Private dental practices tend to be disproportionately concentrated in what areas?
Suburban areas
True or false The prevalence of dental caries among school-age children declined within the United States in the 1980s and 1990s? However, these improvements for children seem to have stalled and for some indicators actually regressed in the 2000s?
T,T
What is true about the demand for dental professional services?
The demand will continue to increase which will result in a shortage of dentists in 2025
What is true regarding treatment of cleft lip and cleft palate in the United States? A.The lifetime cost of providing care to children born each year with cleft lip or cleft palate is estimated to be $697 million. B.Oral clefts are entirely attributable to genetic causes, and environmental factors do not play a role. C.The National Birth Defects Prevention Network (NBDPN) collects cleft lip and palate data annually from all 50 states. D.Oral clefts are attributable solely to environmental factors.
The lifetime cost of providing care to children born each year with cleft lip or cleft palate is estimated to be $697 million
What is true concerning fluoridation of water in the United States? A.More than 75% of the U.S. population is served by community water systems with optimally fluoridated water. B.Twenty-five percent of people in the United States receive water with sufficient naturally occurring fluoride concentrations. C.More than 50% of the U.S. population does not have access to optimally fluoridated water. D.The percentage of the population served by community water systems receiving optimally fluoridated water varies substantially by state.
The percentage of the population served by community water systems receiving optimally fluoridated water varies substantially by state
Which of the following is true about edentulism in the past decade ? Rates of edentulism have_____________ while rates of untreated decay in adults have_____?
The rate of edentulous and untreated decay in adults has decreased
The 2010 out of pocket expenditures for dental care where how much higher than the out-of-pocket expenditures for all the other health expenses? A.About the same B.Double C.Triple D.Quadruple
Triple
True or False As the current trends in aging continue, adults will lose fewer teeth as they age and will have more teeth that are at risk for dental caries throughout life
True
True or false Social impact of oral disease is related to children who have poor self concepts and experience delayed growth and development
True
True or False By 2060, my minorities are expected to increase and comprise half of the US population. The number of elderly Americans will double by 2050.
True, True
In the absence of Medicaid and the Children's Health Insurance Program, (CHIP), most children covered by these programs would be:
Uninsured
In recent years, what has limited the pursuits in oral health research to measure progress in relation to the status of oral diseases and conditions? A.Lack of funding B.Lack of disease disparity C.Lack of adequate means of measuring the result of programs D.Lack of communication between public health and private practice
a. Lack of funding
According to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,1999-2004, what percentage of people aged 75 years and older had experienced root caries? A.22% B.42% C.62% D.82%
b. 42%
Early childhood caries affects teeth of children up to what age? A.3 B.5 C.7 D.9
b. 5
According to NOHSS, Caries rate among third graders (1998-2011) was the lowest/highest in which of the following statements? A.Arizona/Connecticut B.Connecticut/Arizona C.California/Maine D.Washington/Arizona
b. Connecticut/Arizona
What is true about poor oral health? A.Employers have an obligation to make care available. B.Left untreated, it can result in premature death. C.It is only experienced at the low socioeconomic level. D.Has an effect on home life, but not work experience.
b. Oral health left untreated, can result in premature death
Which of the following is associated with early childhood caries? A.Diet that is high in saturated fat B.Putting a child to bed with formula or other sweetened drinks C.Not eating enough leafy green or yellow vegetables D.Child who is a finicky eater
b. Putting a child to bed with formula or other sweetened drinks
What organization developed the Oral Health Country/Area Profile Program (CAPP) in 1995? A.Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) B.World Health Regional Office for the Americas (AMRO) C.World Health Organization (WHO) D.National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)
c. (WHO) World Health Organization
What percentage of older adults (65-74 years of age) are edentulous? A.4% B.14% C.22% D.34%
c. 22%
What percentage of children (older than 2 years of age) and adults have never visited the dentist, according to the 1999- 2004 NHANES? A.3% B.15% C.23% D.55%
c. 23%
Which of the following populations are less likely to have a dental visit? A.Children from minority families, whose parents have periodontal disease, and are from low income homes B.Children from minority families whose parents have periodontal disease C.Children from minority families and from low income homes D.Children whose parents have periodontal disease and from low income homes
c. Children from minority family and from low income homes
What is the true concerning the burden of oral disease? A.It is spread evenly throughout the population. B.Those who experience the worst oral health are found among the very young. C.Poorer older Americans are particularly vulnerable. D.Oral disease does not jeopardize overall oral health.
c. Poor older Americans are particularly vulnerable
According to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), which group experienced the greatest pain in dental caries reduction from the Healthy People 2010 to Healthy People 2020 surveys? A.Children aged 3-5 years B.Children aged 6-9 years C.Adolescents aged 13-15 years D.Adults aged 35-60 years
c.Adolescence aged 13-15 years
What percentage of children aged 2-17 were offered advice my medical doctor about meeting routine dental visits (NHANES 1999-2004 and MEPS 2011 data)? A.15% B.32% C.40% D.52%
d. 52%
What is the most common chronic disease of childhood? A.Juvenile diabetes B.Asthma C.Hay fever D.Tooth decay
d.tooth decay