chapter 5 psychology

Tiffany is a 16-year-old girl who has a good chance of receiving a college scholarship. Research indicates that all of the following will ensure that she does not get pregnant and sidetrack her college career EXCEPT:

avoid discussions about contraception.

Research has shown which of the following to be an influence on the sexual motivation of human beings?

biological, psychological, and social-cultural influences

Female breasts are to _____ as male testes are to _____.

secondary sex characteristics; primary sex characteristics

The average woman is different from the average man in which of the following ways?

she will live 5 years long

When 6-year-old Sara imitates her mother by carefully wrapping and setting out presents for the holiday celebration, she is praised and given holiday cookies. Sara's learning of gender-linked behaviors is best explained by:

social learning theory.

Culturally modeled guides for how to act in various situations are known as _____.

social scripts

Menarche is to a girl's sexual development as _____ is to a boy's sexual development.

spermarche

In researching play style differences between boys and girls, you notice that the girls spend more time _____ , while the boys spend more time participating in rough-and-tumble play.

talking

Karen, a 34-year-old woman, underwent a full hysterectomy (which includes removal of the ovaries). Her sex drive has diminished since this surgical procedure was performed. The change in her sex drive is due to a reduction in

testosterone

For a(n) _____ person, gender identity differs from the behaviors or traits considered typical for that person's assigned birth sex.

transgender

A high-school junior stated in health class that women cannot get pregnant if the man is still in the plateau stage of the sexual response cycle. How should the teacher respond to this?

"That is incorrect as fluid at the tip of his penis may contain enough live sperm to enable conception."

Despite popular misconceptions, approximately what percentage of people in the United States and Europe are exclusively homosexual?

3 to 4 percent of men and 2 percent of women

Of your _____ chromosomes, _____ are considered unisex.

46; 45

How do the rates of homosexual orientation vary between men and women?

About twice as many men as women are homosexual. About twice as many men as women are homosexual.

_____ is an STI that can be transmitted through oral sex.

HPV

Sexual arousal from fantasies, behaviors, and urges involving nonhuman objects, the suffering of self or others, and/or nonconsenting persons is known as _____.

Paraphilias

_____ assumes that children learn gender-linked behaviors by observing and imitating others, and through the rewards and punishments they receive for their imitation.

Social learning theory

From an evolutionary perspective, which is the LEAST likely information one would probably find in the personal ads of an American newspaper?

Women promoting their maturity and affluence by citing career and wealth.

This sex chromosome is found only in males.

Y chromosome

Twenty-five-year-old Raina is happily married. However, she has been feeling much less interested in sexual activities since having her ovaries removed. Which of the following might be causing this?

a drop in her testosterone level

For research purposes, you need to focus on a small sample of individuals who are most likely to develop an alcohol use disorder and antisocial personality disorder. Given what is known about gender differences, you should focus on a sample made up of a group of _____.

adult males

Charleen displays male and female psychological characteristics. This is known as:

androgyny.

In her business meetings, Leslie is very vocal with her opinions and even slightly intimidating to her colleagues. This behavior is somewhat unusual because women tend to be more _____ than men.

democratic

In his business meetings, Mark expresses support for his colleagues and welcomes their opinions, listening intently when they are speaking. This behavior is somewhat unusual because men are usually more _____ than women.

directive

The key diagnostic feature of female orgasmic disorder is:

distress over inability to have an orgasm. distress over inability to have an orgasm.

Malcolm is unable to have an erection and has gone his doctor to discuss the problem. Malcolm's doctor referred to this problem as:

erectile disorder.

Women, more than men, prefer to alternate periods of high sexual activity with periods of very little sexual activity. This best illustrates gender differences in _____.

erotic plasticity

In a few women _____ can produce orgasms.

fantasy

Evolutionary psychologists state that men have been biologically predisposed through natural selection to be attracted to women who show evidence of:

fertility.

power in modern society, brute strength is generally becoming:

irrelevant.

In a study on aggression, a group of university students were given an experimental task intended to be frustrating. Then, the participants were given a task that forced them to administer (fake) electric shocks to another participant. Given what is known about gender differences and aggression, who do you think administered more painful electric shocks?

men administered more painful electric shocks

The finding that men are usually more likely than women to initiate sexual activity applies to:

men in nearly all cultures.

A person's enduring sexual attraction toward members of their own sex, the opposite sex, or both sexes is called their sexual _____.

orientation

A person's enduring sexual attraction toward members of their own sex, the opposite sex, or both sexes is called their sexual:

orientation.

Stacey experiences sexual arousal toward prepubescent children. She is experiencing:

pedophilia.