Chapter 5

RSS

Rich Site Summary; creates XML files.

network layer address

Web address is translated into an IP address.

addressing

a coded representation of the destination of data or of its originating source.

router

a device that connects two similar networks having the same network protocol; chooses the best route between two networks when there are multiple paths between them.

Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)

a dynamic hybrid interior routing protocol developed by Cisco and is commonly used inside organizations.

gateway

a gateway that connects two dissimilar networks.

Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS)

a link state interior routing protocol that is commonly used in large networks.

port address

a list of Internet socket port numbers used by protocols of the Transport Layer of the Internet Protocol Suite for the establishment of host-to-host communications.

autonomous systems

a network operated by one organization or an organization that runs one part of the Internet.

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

a network-layer protocol standard used to supply TCP/IP address information using dynamic address assignment.

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)

a network-layer standard protocol used to exchange route information between routers using dynamic decentralized routing.

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)

a network-layer standard protocol used to exchange route information between routers using dynamic decentralized routing.

Routing Information Protocol (RIP)

a network-layer standard protocol used to exchange route information between routers using dynamic decentralized routing.

name server

a series of computers that provides DNS services.

dynamic addressing

a server is designated to supply a network layer address to a computer each time the computer connect to the network.

application layer address (URL)

a server name

Domain Name Service (DNS)

a server that provides a directory used to supply IP addresses for application-layer addresses that--that is, a server that performs IP address resolution.

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)

a simple network layer protocol standard intended to exchange limited routing information between routers.

classless addressing

a slash is used to indicate the address range.

Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)

a special packet that allows computers wishing to participate in a multicast send a message to the sending computer or some other computer performing routing along the way.

static routing

all computers or routers in the network make their own routing decisions following a formal routing protocol.

centralized routing

all routing decisions are made by one central computer or router.

console port

also called the management port; used to configure the router.

link state dynamic routing

computers or routers track the number of hops in the route, the speed of the circuits, and how busy each route is.

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

connectionless transport layer protocol standard used by TCP to send short messages such as DNS requests.

border router

connects an autonomous system to the adjacent autonomous systems and exchanges route information via BGP.

Access Control List (ACL)

defines what types of packets should be routed and what types of packets should be discarded.

data link layer address

determining the next computer to which the message should be sent only on a multipoint circuits.

broadcast message

message sent from the TCP/IP software to all computers in its subnet.

unicast message

one computer sends a message to another computer (e.g., a client requesting a Web page).

Cisco IOS

operating system that is used in about 90% of routers.

Internet address classes

outdated way that addresses used to be assigned by class.

subnet mask

portion of the IP address can be designated as a subnet to determine which computers are on the same subnet.

exterior routing protocol

protocols used between autonomous systems.

Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP)

requests connections geared towards audio/video streaming applications.

Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP)

requests connections towards more general purpose applications.

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)

responsible for managing the assignment of network layer addresses (i.e., IP addresses) and application layer addresses (e.g., www.indiana.edu)

distance vector dynamic routing

routers count the number of hops along a route.

dynamic routing

routing decisions are made in a decentralized manner by individual computers.

interior routing protocol

routing protocols used inside an autonomous system.

Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP)

same as EIGRP, but not enhanced.

Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP)

sends packets across the connection.

subnet

subdivides the network into logical pieces.

segment

the Protocol Data Unit (PDU) at the transport layer.

Quality of Service (QoS)

the ability of devices to give different priorities to different types of messages so that some messages (e.g., voice telephone data) are transmitted faster than other messages (e.g., email).

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

the network-layer protocol standard for data link layer address resolution requests.

destination port address

the port address at the destination computer.

source port address

the port address from the source computer.

address resolution

the process of determining the lower-layer address from a higher-layer address.

routing

the process of determining the route or path through the network that a message will travel from the sending computer to the receiving computer.

connectionless

the sender may choose not to start a session, but just send the one quick message and move on.

connection-oriented

the sender transmits the segments in sequence until the conversations is done, and then the sender ends the session.

segmenting

to take one outgoing message from the application layer and break it into a set of smaller segments for transmission through the network.

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

transport/network layer protocol used on the Internet.

routing table

two-table column that specifies how messages will travel through the network.

multicast message

used to send the same message to a group of computers.

Network Interface port (TCP/IP port)

using TCP/IP and Telnet with Secure Shell (SSH), network manager can log in to the router from any computer.