Chapter 5 Quiz

Worldwide, women's vocational interests, compared to men,

relate to people rather than things

Evolutionary psychology would explain the male tendency to be attracted to woman's physical features of youth and health because of

reproductive fitness

Forms of address, such as the distinction between formal and informal varieties of "you," communicate not only social distance, but also

social statust

Compared with males, the average female: - more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD. - is more sensitive to smells and sounds. - is less vulnerable to depression. - has fewer neural connections.

is more sensitive to smells and sound

You read about an unsolved murder in the newspaper. Given what you have learned in social psychology about aggressiveness, you can reasonably predict a(n) _____ committed the murder.

man

Pratto and colleagues (1997) reported that _____ tend to gravitate toward jobs that enhance inequalities, such as a prosecuting attorney.

men

In physiological and subjective responses to sexual stimuli,

men and women are more similar than different.

According to Schmitt (2005), an international survey indicated that more _____ than _____ desire unrestricted sex.

men; women

According to personality tests administered in 55 nations, women do NOT report more _____ than men.

neuroticism

Punctuality is one of the _____ of North American businesspeople.

norms

Given the logic of evolutionary psychology, we can assume our distant ancestors preferred _____ foods.

nutritious and energy-providing

Harris (1996) suggested that if children were left with their same schools, neighborhoods, and peers, but their parents were switched, the children would develop into the same sort of adults. This conclusion reflects the power of

peers

You choose to attend a college that is known for its arts program, as you would like to develop your talents further. This is an example of how

people choose their social situations

If we expect someone to be hostile, our actions toward that person may induce hostility. This is an example of how

people create their social situations

The buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies is called our ________.

personal space

The evidence from studies of twins and biological and adoptive siblings indicates that genetic influences explain approximately _____ percent of individual variations in personality traits.

50

Peer influence best explains why: - Sharon is a democrat. - Carol was only willing to try sushi after her best friend did. - Alex is Catholic. - sisters Karen and Alisha are both introverted.

Carol was only willing to try sushi after her best friend did

Which of the following statements is an example of aggression? - im believes that John's extraverted behavior is based on his internal dispositions. - Jim believes that John's extraverted behavior is based on situational constraints. - Jenny spreads a hurtful rumor about Sally. - Joanna starts crying when her good friend Kelly tells her of a recent breakup.

Jenny spreads a hurtful rumor about Sally

Which statement about norms is FALSE? - Norms for expressiveness varies among cultures. - Norms control us so successfully that we hardly sense their presence. - Norms make social interactions run more smoothly. - Norms are not affected by culture.

Norms are not affected by culture

According to anthropologists, which of the following is NOT true? - We prefer living with others to living alone. - We are more alike than we are different. - We are more different than we are alike. - We are social beings.

We are more different than we are alike

According to research on gender differences, which statement is NOT true? - Women are more vulnerable to autism. - Women are more skilled at expressing emotions nonverbally. - Women smile more than men. - Women describe themselves as having more empathy than men.

Women are more vulnerable to autism

One dramatic finding from developmental psychology (Plomin & Daniels, 1987) is that two children in the same family are, on average, _________. - more likely to share the same general personality characteristics than two children selected at random. -as different from one another as two children selected at random. - likely to share the same IQ. - completely uninfluenced by their genetic heritage.

as different from one another as two children selected at random.

Evolutionary psychologists study

both physical and psychological traits.

According to Pratto and her colleagues (1997), which type of job is a male most likely to gravitate toward? - advertiser for charity organizations - corporate advertising - elementary school guidance counselor - public defender

corporate advertising

Differences in how people greet one another, select and eat their foods, pick out their clothing, and speak with one another reflects differences in _____.

culture

As an exchange student, you notice that standards of beauty are much different in the country you are visiting. Billboards and advertisements display women that are not as thin as in the United States. You conclude that this difference in standards of beauty is the result of different

cultures

As women's employment in formerly male occupations has increased, the gender difference in self-reported masculinity has ______.

decreased

Women are to men as _____ is to _____.

expressing emotions nonverbally; social dominance

Evolutionary explanations of gender differences have been criticized because they ______.

fail to account for the reality of cultural diversity

Research on possible hormonal influences on aggression has indicated that: - gender difference in aggression appears early in life and wanes as testosterone levels decline during adulthood. - administering testosterone reduces aggression in most animals. - gender differences in aggression are clearly unrelated to hormonal differences. - testosterone levels influence animal aggression but not human aggression.

gender difference in aggression appears early in life and wanes as testosterone levels decline during adulthood

Evolutionary psychology has been criticized for

hindsight biases

Although there are many unoccupied tables in the restaurant, Rudolph decides to sit at the same table in the chair right next to James. James feels uncomfortable because Rudolph has violated ________.

his personal space

The best-known universal norm is the taboo against

incest

Which of the following terms best describes the relationship between biology and culture? - interaction - competition - interpolation - reciprocation

interaction

In which of the following situations are women likely to be more aggressive than men?

spreading of malicious gossip

According to Brown (1987), in general, who is more likely to initiate intimacy?

the higher-status person

In a 2010 survey, _____ believed that men have more rights to a job than women when jobs are scarce.

the majority of individuals from collectivist cultures

According to Baumeister, culture is linked to all of the following EXCEPT: - eating fruit in the winter. - driving on only one side of the road. - our communication through language. - why Africans have darker skin than Scandinavians.

why Africans have darker skin than Scandinavians

Research has found that _____ are generally superior at decoding others' emotional messages.

women

Identify a true statement about gender and genes. - All 46 chromosomes in the human genome are same for both sexes. - Males are twice as emotional as females. - Men and women have more gender differences than similarities. - Your "opposite sex" is actually your similar sex.

your "opposite sex" is actually your similar sex