Chapter 5: Socialization
looking-glass self
a concept that emphasizes the self as the product of our social interactions with others
the self
a person's distinct identity that is developed through social interaction
themselves
an individual has to view________ through the eyes of others
dramaturgical approach
based on people behaving as actors by putting forth an image believed to be pleasing to others
the harlow's study
conducted a series of experiments studying how rhesus monkeys, which behave a lot like people, are affects by isolation as babies. demonstrated that while food was important, social comfort was of greater value. if isolated for longer than six months, the more difficult adjustment becomes
mass media
distribute impersonal information to a wide audience, via television, newspaper, radio, and the internet
yes
do social factors impact how a family raises it children?
yes
does religious ideas influence american society?
yes
does the self continue to develop and change throughout our lives?
preconventional stage
lack a higher level of cognitive ability, experience the world around them only through their senses
family, peer group, school, workplace, religion, government, mass media
list of the agents of socialization
peer group
made up of people who are similar in age and social status and who share interests
degradation ceremony
new members lose the aspects of their identity and are given new identities
resocilization
old behaviors that were helpful in previous role are removed because they are no longer of use
twin studies
reveal both genetic factor and socialization experience influence human development
agents of socialization
social groups often provide the first experiences of socialization
impression managment
the altering of the presentation of the self in order to create distinctive appearances and satisfy particular audiences
generalized other
the common behavioral expectations of general society
face-work
the efforts of people to maintain the proper image and avoid public embarrassment
nature
the influence of our genetic makeup on self-development
hidden curiculum
the informal teaching done by schools
role taking
the process of mentally assuming the perspective of another and responding from that imagined viewpoint
socialization
the process wherein people come to understand societal norms and expectations, to accept society's beliefs, and to be aware of societal values
nurture
the role that social environment plays in self-development
moral development
the way people learn what society considered to be "good" and "bad"
school, workplace, religion, government, mass media
what are the institutional agents?
family and peer group
what are the social group agents?
preparatory stage, play stage, game stage
what are the specific path of development that all people go through according to george herbert mead?
time isolation
what do genie and isabelle case share
goal of socialization
what is cultivating shared sources of meaning and value?
goal of socialization
what is preparing people to perform certain social roles?
age norms and time-relate rules and regulations
what is socialization throughout our life course determined by?
goal of socialization
what is teaching impulse control and developing a conscience?
imagine how we present ourselves to others
what is the 1st phase of the looking-glass self?
we imagine how others evaluate us
what is the 2nd phase of the looking-glass self?
we develop a feeling about ourselves
what is the 3rd phase of the looking-glass self?
before age of 2 & after puberty
what is the critical period of hypothesis?
family
what is the first agent of socialization?
preconvential
what is the first level of the theory of moral development?
conventional
what is the second level of the theory of moral development?
postconventional
what is the third level of the theory of moral development?
teen years
when does the conventional stage develop?
young children
when does the preconventional stage develop?
postconventional
when people begin to think of morality in abstract terms
workplace
which agent of socialization is a major agent for adults?
religion
which agent of socialization is focusing on practices followed by formal institutions?
government
which agent of socialization is focusing on the rite of passage that people go through based on age norms?
peer group
which agent of socialization provides major adolescents, first major socialization experience outside of realm of their families?
religion
which agent of socialization provides the foundation of morality?
latent function
which function is socializing children into behaviors like practicing teamwork, following a schedule, and using textbooks?
manifest function
which function is studying math, science, and reading?
preparatory stage
which stage of self consists of children imitating people around them?
game stage
which stage of self consists of children learning to consider several roles at the same time and how those roles interact with each other
play stage
which stage of self consists of children pretending to be other people, like an actor "becoming" a character?
state-run agencies
who are increasingly influential in our life course according to the religion side of agents of socialization?
charles horton cooley
who came up with concept of the looking-glass self?
erving goffman
who came up with presentation of the self?
george herbert mead
who came up with stages of the self?
lawrence kohlber
who developed the theory of moral development of three levels?
lawrence kohlberg
who was interested in how people learn to decided what is right and what is wrong?
conventional stage
youngsters become increasingly aware of others' feelings and take those into consideration when determining what's "good" and "bad"
