Chapter 5: Socialization

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looking-glass self

a concept that emphasizes the self as the product of our social interactions with others

the self

a person's distinct identity that is developed through social interaction

themselves

an individual has to view________ through the eyes of others

dramaturgical approach

based on people behaving as actors by putting forth an image believed to be pleasing to others

the harlow's study

conducted a series of experiments studying how rhesus monkeys, which behave a lot like people, are affects by isolation as babies. demonstrated that while food was important, social comfort was of greater value. if isolated for longer than six months, the more difficult adjustment becomes

mass media

distribute impersonal information to a wide audience, via television, newspaper, radio, and the internet

yes

do social factors impact how a family raises it children?

yes

does religious ideas influence american society?

yes

does the self continue to develop and change throughout our lives?

preconventional stage

lack a higher level of cognitive ability, experience the world around them only through their senses

family, peer group, school, workplace, religion, government, mass media

list of the agents of socialization

peer group

made up of people who are similar in age and social status and who share interests

degradation ceremony

new members lose the aspects of their identity and are given new identities

resocilization

old behaviors that were helpful in previous role are removed because they are no longer of use

twin studies

reveal both genetic factor and socialization experience influence human development

agents of socialization

social groups often provide the first experiences of socialization

impression managment

the altering of the presentation of the self in order to create distinctive appearances and satisfy particular audiences

generalized other

the common behavioral expectations of general society

face-work

the efforts of people to maintain the proper image and avoid public embarrassment

nature

the influence of our genetic makeup on self-development

hidden curiculum

the informal teaching done by schools

role taking

the process of mentally assuming the perspective of another and responding from that imagined viewpoint

socialization

the process wherein people come to understand societal norms and expectations, to accept society's beliefs, and to be aware of societal values

nurture

the role that social environment plays in self-development

moral development

the way people learn what society considered to be "good" and "bad"

school, workplace, religion, government, mass media

what are the institutional agents?

family and peer group

what are the social group agents?

preparatory stage, play stage, game stage

what are the specific path of development that all people go through according to george herbert mead?

time isolation

what do genie and isabelle case share

goal of socialization

what is cultivating shared sources of meaning and value?

goal of socialization

what is preparing people to perform certain social roles?

age norms and time-relate rules and regulations

what is socialization throughout our life course determined by?

goal of socialization

what is teaching impulse control and developing a conscience?

imagine how we present ourselves to others

what is the 1st phase of the looking-glass self?

we imagine how others evaluate us

what is the 2nd phase of the looking-glass self?

we develop a feeling about ourselves

what is the 3rd phase of the looking-glass self?

before age of 2 & after puberty

what is the critical period of hypothesis?

family

what is the first agent of socialization?

preconvential

what is the first level of the theory of moral development?

conventional

what is the second level of the theory of moral development?

postconventional

what is the third level of the theory of moral development?

teen years

when does the conventional stage develop?

young children

when does the preconventional stage develop?

postconventional

when people begin to think of morality in abstract terms

workplace

which agent of socialization is a major agent for adults?

religion

which agent of socialization is focusing on practices followed by formal institutions?

government

which agent of socialization is focusing on the rite of passage that people go through based on age norms?

peer group

which agent of socialization provides major adolescents, first major socialization experience outside of realm of their families?

religion

which agent of socialization provides the foundation of morality?

latent function

which function is socializing children into behaviors like practicing teamwork, following a schedule, and using textbooks?

manifest function

which function is studying math, science, and reading?

preparatory stage

which stage of self consists of children imitating people around them?

game stage

which stage of self consists of children learning to consider several roles at the same time and how those roles interact with each other

play stage

which stage of self consists of children pretending to be other people, like an actor "becoming" a character?

state-run agencies

who are increasingly influential in our life course according to the religion side of agents of socialization?

charles horton cooley

who came up with concept of the looking-glass self?

erving goffman

who came up with presentation of the self?

george herbert mead

who came up with stages of the self?

lawrence kohlber

who developed the theory of moral development of three levels?

lawrence kohlberg

who was interested in how people learn to decided what is right and what is wrong?

conventional stage

youngsters become increasingly aware of others' feelings and take those into consideration when determining what's "good" and "bad"


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