Chapter 5: States of Consciousness
Circadian cycles last about ____ hours.
24
About what percentage of people cannot be hypnotized at all?
5 to 20 percent
Which theory suggests that dreams result from the random activation of neurons?
Activation-synthesis
Which of the following are more likely to consume fewer alcoholic beverages?
An Asian American
Psychoactive drugs influence which of the following?
Emotions, perceptions, and behavior
What is an effect of MDMA?
Empathy
What are some of the effects of MDMA?
Empathy Relaxation
True or false: Sleeping pills are the most commonly used depressant.
False (it's alcohol)
How is binge drinking defined for men?
Five or more drinks in one sitting
How is binge drinking defined for women?
Four or more drinks in one sitting
What category of drug is MDMA (ecstacy)?
Hallucinogen
____________ leads to a trancelike state in which you are susceptible to suggestion
Hypnosis
Caffeine produces which of the following effects?
Increased attentiveness Decreased reaction time
________________ is a disorder characterized by uncontrollably falling asleep regardless of the activity one is currently engaged in.
Narcolepsy
Which of the following refers to a barbiturate?
Nembutal
______ is a stimulant and may be the reason smoking is addictive.
Nicotine
A drug that produces dependence is said to be
addictive
Barbiturates can be deadly when combined with _________________ because the combination relaxes the muscles of the ______________ and the user stops breathing.
alcohol, diaphragm
Consciousness includes
both our environment and our private internal world.
Stimulant drugs tend to increase the level of activity within the:
central nervous system
Biological processes that occur regularly on approximately a 24-hour cycle are called
circadian rhythms
Fantasies you construct while awake are called
daydreams
Barbiturates are classified as a form of
depressant
When large amounts of ______ are taken, a temporary feeling of intoxication and euphoria can occur.
depressants
One sign that a person has consumed too much alcohol is
disorientation.
When hypnotized, people
do not always do what they are told to do.
Some initial effects of alcohol that people often claim are:
feelings of happiness release of tension and stress loss of inhibitions
According to Sigmund Freud, dreams provide a way to ______.
fulfill our wishes
A survey of college students found that over a 2-week period, about ______ of them had at least one nightmare.
half
A drug that is capable of producing pronounced changes in perception is a(n)
hallucinogen
LSD is classified as a
hallucinogen
Sleep apnea occurs when a person ____ while asleep.
has difficulty breathing
Difficulty sleeping is a condition called
insomnia
According to psychoanalytic theory, the disguised content of dreams is called the _________ content.
latent
The most salient or obvious content of dreams is the ___________ content.
manifest
In dreams, objects sometimes represent something else. The object or apparent story line that appears in the dream is referred to as the _____.
manifest content
Lung disease has been linked to chronic use of:
marijuana
The most commonly used hallucinogen today is not LSD, it is ___________
marijuana
Two of the most powerful narcotics, ____________ and __________ , are derived from the poppy seed pod.
morphine, heroine
Some people cannot prevent themselves from falling asleep, especially in stressful situations. They may be described as having:
narcolepsy
Heroin is classified as a
narcotic.
Morphine and heroin are both classified as
narcotics.
Scientists have suggested that we sleep so that _____.
neurons can rest
You awaken to find that your heart is pounding and you are sweating with fear. You have most likely experienced ______.
night terror
The dreams-for-survival theory suggests that we dream because this gives us time to ______.
process critical information for our daily survival
If practiced regularly, meditation is an effective method of producing ______.
relaxation
Physiological drug dependence is characterized by:
the body's inability to function without a drug
The state of transition between wakefulness and sleep:
Stage 1 sleep
What category of drug is cocaine?
Stimulant
What is the active ingredient in marijuana?
THC
Select the common effects of amphetamines.
Talkativeness Sense of energy Heightened confidence
Euphoria is most likely to be experienced by users of which of the following drugs?
Marijuana
What is a learned technique for refocusing attention that brings about an altered state of consciousness?
Meditation
Who is more likely to engage in binge drinking?
Men
What are some of the effects of LSD?
Paranoia Perceptual distortion
Which of the following refers to a barbiturate?
Phenobarbitol
During which stage of sleep does the heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate increase?
REM stage
When referring to REM sleep, what does REM stand for?
Rapid eye movement
What are some of the causes of insomnia? (Select all that apply.)
Relationship problems Stress at work
What are some examples of effective uses of hypnosis?
Relaxation Controlling pain Reducing smoking
Which of the following is classified as a depressant?
Rohypnol
Narcotics like morphine may be used to treat:
pain and anxiety
If a person's body cannot function without a drug, then he or she has a _______________ addiction, whereas if a person believes they need a drug, he or she has a psychological addiction.
physiological
Depressive effects of an increased dosage of alcohol include:
poor judgment and aggression memory impairment slurred speech and incoherence
