Chapter 5: States of Consciousness

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Circadian cycles last about ____ hours.

24

About what percentage of people cannot be hypnotized at all?

5 to 20 percent

Which theory suggests that dreams result from the random activation of neurons?

Activation-synthesis

Which of the following are more likely to consume fewer alcoholic beverages?

An Asian American

Psychoactive drugs influence which of the following?

Emotions, perceptions, and behavior

What is an effect of MDMA?

Empathy

What are some of the effects of MDMA?

Empathy Relaxation

True or false: Sleeping pills are the most commonly used depressant.

False (it's alcohol)

How is binge drinking defined for men?

Five or more drinks in one sitting

How is binge drinking defined for women?

Four or more drinks in one sitting

What category of drug is MDMA (ecstacy)?

Hallucinogen

____________ leads to a trancelike state in which you are susceptible to suggestion

Hypnosis

Caffeine produces which of the following effects?

Increased attentiveness Decreased reaction time

________________ is a disorder characterized by uncontrollably falling asleep regardless of the activity one is currently engaged in.

Narcolepsy

Which of the following refers to a barbiturate?

Nembutal

______ is a stimulant and may be the reason smoking is addictive.

Nicotine

A drug that produces dependence is said to be

addictive

Barbiturates can be deadly when combined with _________________ because the combination relaxes the muscles of the ______________ and the user stops breathing.

alcohol, diaphragm

Consciousness includes

both our environment and our private internal world.

Stimulant drugs tend to increase the level of activity within the:

central nervous system

Biological processes that occur regularly on approximately a 24-hour cycle are called

circadian rhythms

Fantasies you construct while awake are called

daydreams

Barbiturates are classified as a form of

depressant

When large amounts of ______ are taken, a temporary feeling of intoxication and euphoria can occur.

depressants

One sign that a person has consumed too much alcohol is

disorientation.

When hypnotized, people

do not always do what they are told to do.

Some initial effects of alcohol that people often claim are:

feelings of happiness release of tension and stress loss of inhibitions

According to Sigmund Freud, dreams provide a way to ______.

fulfill our wishes

A survey of college students found that over a 2-week period, about ______ of them had at least one nightmare.

half

A drug that is capable of producing pronounced changes in perception is a(n)

hallucinogen

LSD is classified as a

hallucinogen

Sleep apnea occurs when a person ____ while asleep.

has difficulty breathing

Difficulty sleeping is a condition called

insomnia

According to psychoanalytic theory, the disguised content of dreams is called the _________ content.

latent

The most salient or obvious content of dreams is the ___________ content.

manifest

In dreams, objects sometimes represent something else. The object or apparent story line that appears in the dream is referred to as the _____.

manifest content

Lung disease has been linked to chronic use of:

marijuana

The most commonly used hallucinogen today is not LSD, it is ___________

marijuana

Two of the most powerful narcotics, ____________ and __________ , are derived from the poppy seed pod.

morphine, heroine

Some people cannot prevent themselves from falling asleep, especially in stressful situations. They may be described as having:

narcolepsy

Heroin is classified as a

narcotic.

Morphine and heroin are both classified as

narcotics.

Scientists have suggested that we sleep so that _____.

neurons can rest

You awaken to find that your heart is pounding and you are sweating with fear. You have most likely experienced ______.

night terror

The dreams-for-survival theory suggests that we dream because this gives us time to ______.

process critical information for our daily survival

If practiced regularly, meditation is an effective method of producing ______.

relaxation

Physiological drug dependence is characterized by:

the body's inability to function without a drug

The state of transition between wakefulness and sleep:

Stage 1 sleep

What category of drug is cocaine?

Stimulant

What is the active ingredient in marijuana?

THC

Select the common effects of amphetamines.

Talkativeness Sense of energy Heightened confidence

Euphoria is most likely to be experienced by users of which of the following drugs?

Marijuana

What is a learned technique for refocusing attention that brings about an altered state of consciousness?

Meditation

Who is more likely to engage in binge drinking?

Men

What are some of the effects of LSD?

Paranoia Perceptual distortion

Which of the following refers to a barbiturate?

Phenobarbitol

During which stage of sleep does the heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate increase?

REM stage

When referring to REM sleep, what does REM stand for?

Rapid eye movement

What are some of the causes of insomnia? (Select all that apply.)

Relationship problems Stress at work

What are some examples of effective uses of hypnosis?

Relaxation Controlling pain Reducing smoking

Which of the following is classified as a depressant?

Rohypnol

Narcotics like morphine may be used to treat:

pain and anxiety

If a person's body cannot function without a drug, then he or she has a _______________ addiction, whereas if a person believes they need a drug, he or she has a psychological addiction.

physiological

Depressive effects of an increased dosage of alcohol include:

poor judgment and aggression memory impairment slurred speech and incoherence


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