LEADERSHIP MIDTERM CHP 1,4,5 & First section of SG

In order to lead one must develop three important competencies:

1. Diagnose: ability to understand the situation you want to influence, 2. Adapt: make changes that will close the gap between the current situation and what you are hoping to achieve 3. Communicate. No matter how much you diagnose or adapt, if you cannot communicate effectively, you will probably not meet your goal

Theory Y

ACCORDING TO MANAGER The work itself can be motivating. People really want to do their job well. Use guidance-development reward.

Theory X

ACCORDING TO MANAGER Work is something to be avoided. People want to do as little as possible. Use control-supervision punishment.

8. Mara Z. wants to become a nurse manager. She has been off ered an opportunity to take a nursing management course. Which topic is most important for her to learn? 1. Managing people 2. Managing the unit's budget 3. Planning for the future 4. Redesigning the unit's workflow

Ans: 1 Rationale: managing people is the most important challenging task for a nurse manager. It is fundamental to good management.

Theory Y emphasizes: 1. Guidance, development, and reward 2. Leadership, not management 3. Supervision, monitoring, and reprimands 4. Evaluation, budgeting, and time studies

Ans: 1 Rationale: a theory Y manager employs staff guidance, staff development, and reward as opposed to theory X emphasis on control, close monitoring, and punishment, if needed.

Effective nurse managers have: Select all that apply. 1. Leadership capabilities 2. Clinical expertise 3. Business sense 4. Budgeting savvy

Ans: 1,2,3,4 Rationale: to be maximally effective, nurse managers need all these skills. People skills, expertise, and financial skills.

When should a new graduate consider taking on management responsibilities? 1. As soon as they are offered 2. After developing clinical expertise 3. After 15 years on the job 4. Before developing leadership expertise

Ans: 2 Rationale: development of clinical expertise is an essential part of preparing to be a nurse manager. Is it the amount of preparation and experience gained, not the number of years to make the decision. Managers need to have leadership expertise.

What is the difference between management and leadership? 1. Management focuses on budget. 2. Management is an assigned position. 3. Leadership is not concerned with getting work done. 4. Leadership is more focused on people.

Ans: 2 Rationale: everyone can exert leadership at various times, but manager is a designated position, assigned by upper level administration. Budgets are a concern but not the main one. Both management and leadership focus on people.

George S. has just become a nurse manager in a long-term care facility. He knows he has a lot to learn—what should he tell his staff? 1. Nothing; he should pretend he has experience 2. That he is still learning, too, and values their input 3. That the staff needs to manage themselves 4. How little he knows about management

Ans: 2 Rationale: this is an accurate description of his situation and is likely to engage staff in supporting his growth and development as a nurse manager. Lying will lose trust. Staff is not expected to manage themselves.

Servant leadership focuses on: 1. Helping patients care for themselves 2. Removing incompetent managers 3. Creating a supportive work environment 4. Resolving conflicts quickly

Ans: 3 Rationale: servant leadership employs a "people first" approach to improving how employees are treated. Try to come to a resolution that is best for all, even if it takes some time.

Which of the following is a major reason why newly licensed nurses resign? 1. Poor pay scales 2. Needle stick injuries 3. Unsupportive management 4. Lack of advancement opportunities

Ans: 3 newly licensed nurses need supportive management and may resign if it is not present. Poor pay is usually not a reason. A lack of advancement opportunities becomes more important after the initial adjustment to a new role.

Informational aspects of a nurse manager's job include: 1. Evaluation 2. Resource allocation 3. Being a coach 4. Being a spokesperson

Ans: 4 Rationale: being a spokesperson for staff, pts, and administration is an informational activity. Evaluation and resource allocation are decisional activities, being a coach is an interpersonal activity.

Scientific management focuses on: 1. Interpersonal relations 2. Servant leadership 3. Staff development 4. Efficiency

Ans: 4 Rationale: the focus on increasing efficiency is the hallmark of scientific management.

The Situational Leadership Model focuses on: 1. Both followers and the task 2. The task 3. The follower 4. The behavior of others

Answer: 1 Rationales: The situational leadership approach considers the complexity of a situation which would include followers and the task at hand

Nursing practice in the 21st century is an art and science that focuses on 1. The client 2. The nursing process 3. Cultural diversity 4. The health-care facility

Answer: 1 Rationales: 1. Health-care reform and nursing practice focus on client- or patient-centered care. 2. The nursing process is a scientific method used by nurses to ensure the quality of patient care 3. Cultural diversity is the existence and understanding that various cultures exist within populations 4. The health-care facility is the physical place where care occurs

Effective nurse leaders: Select all that apply 1. Are also good followers 2. Effectively work together with shared goals 3. Never act on their ideas 4. Have master's degrees

Answer: 1, 2 Rationales: 1. Every leader is at times a follower 2. Effective leaders work with their team on shared goals

Which of the following represent the knowledge and skills expected of the professional nurse? Select all that apply. 1. Accountability 2. Advocacy 3. Autonomy 4. Social netowrking 5. Participation in nursing blogs

Answer: 1, 2, 3 Rationales: Professional behaviours include: 1. Accountability for one's work and responsibilities 2. Advocating for patients and families 3. Autonomy in making decisions within the scope of practice 4. Social networking is not considered a knowledge or skill unique to professional nursing 5. Participation in nursing blogs is not considered a knowledge or skill unique to professional nursing

An effective leader will have: Select all that apply. 1. Courage and integrity 2. A critical mind-set 3. The ability to set priorities 4. The ability to provide feedback

Answer: 1, 2, 3 , 4 Rationales: 1. Integrity and courage are qualities of an effective leader 2. Thinking critically is a behavior of effective leaders 3. Setting priorities is another behavior of effective leaders 4. Skillful communication includes providing constructive feedback

Professional accountability serves the following purpose: Select all that apply. 1. To provide a basis for ethical decision making 2. To respect the decision of the client 3. To maintain standards of health 4. To evaluate new professional practices and reassess existing ones 5. To belong to a professional organization

Answer: 1, 2, 3, 4 Rationales: 1. To provide a basis for ethical decison making is a characteristic of professional accountability 2. To respect the decision of the client is a characteristic of professional accountability 3. To maintain standards of health is a characteristic of professional accountability 4. To evaluate new professional practices and reassess existing ones in a characteristic of professional accountability 5. Belonging to a professional organization demonstrates commitment to the profession, not necessarily accountability

APRNs generally: Select all that apply. 1. Function independently 2. Function as unit directors 3. Work in acute care settings 4. Work in the university setting 5. Hold advanced degrees

Answer: 1, 5 Rationales: Although advanced practice nurses (APNs) work in a variety of settings, they all: 1. Function independently as guided by the nurse practice acts of the individual states 2. Are educated to provide higher level patient care 3. May work in acute care settings 4. May work in university settings 5. Are educated at the master's level or higher

Which of the following is unique to a professional standard of decision making? Select all that apply. 1. Weighs benefits and risks when making a decision 2. Analyze and examines choices more independently 3. Concentrate thinking 4. Anticipate when to make choices without others' assistance

Answer: 1,2 Rationales: Professional behaviours include accountability and sound decision-making abilities 1. Professionals look at risks and benefits before making a deccision 2. They analyze choices in order to make sound decisions 3. Concrete thinking is literal and focuses on the physical world. 4. Professional decision making occurs independently

A unit team leader who fails to provide direction to his or her nursing care team is a(n): 1. Democratic leader 2. Laissez-faire leader 3. Autocratic leader 4. Situational leader

Answer: 2 Rationales: Laissez-faire leaders are passive, inactive leaders who would not provide direction

Effective followers are those who are: 1. Passive employees 2. Skilled and self-directed employees 3. Less valuable employees 4. Employees who are never supportive of new ideas

Answer: 2 Rationales: The most effective followers are not only competent but self-directed

Autocratic leaders: 1. Postpone decision making as long as possible 2. Share leadership with members of the team 3. Give orders and make decisions without consulting the team 4. Encourage creativity when problem solving

Answer: 3 Rationales: Autocratic leaders frequently give orders and make decisions without consulting with team members

A democratic nurse leader consistently works to: 1. Move the group toward the leader's goals 2. Make little or no attempt to move the group 3. Share leadership with the group 4. Dampen creativity

Answer: 3 Rationales: Democratic or participative leaders are characterized by their inclusion of team members in important decisions

Transformational nursing leaders have the ability to: 1. Increase the negativity of the team 2. Work best alone 3. Define the group's mission and communicate that mission to others 4. Pay close attention to the weaknesses and shortcomings of others

Answer: 3 Rationales: Transformational leaders help their teams define their mission and see how their work helps them achieve their mission

Nurses at a community hospital are in an education program to learn how to use a new pressure-relieving device for patients at risk for pressure ulcers. This is which type of education? 1. Continuing education 2. Graduate education 3. In-service education 4. Professional registered nurse education

Answer: 3 Rationales: 1. Continuing education furthers knowledge and skillins within the professional domain 2. Graduate education leads to a higher level degree such as a master's or doctorate 3. In-service education takes place within an institution or agency. It is usually directed at teaching nurses who work in the institution about a new policy, standard, or type of equipment 4. Professional registered nurse education is the basic nursing education to sit for licensure

Nursing has it's origins with 1. Florence Nightingale 2. The Knights of Columbus 3. Religous orders 4. Wars and battles

Answer: 3 Rationales: 1. Florence Nightingale formalized nursing practice 2. The Knights of Columbus was an organization but not a religious order 3. Religious orders such as the Sisters of Mercy assumed the role of "nursing" the sick and infirm 4. Wars and battles required nurses

An important competency that nurse leaders need to develop in order to lead effectively is the: 1. Ability to be firm and inflexible 2. Ability to be close-minded and to ignore negative feedback 3. Ability to communicate effectively with others 4. Ability to follow orders without questioning them

Answer: 3 Rationales: 1. Inflexibility is not a leadership competency. In fact, it impedes a leadership effectiveness 2. Leaders who ignore negative feedback may lose opportunities to improve their leadership effectiveness 3. Ability to communicate effectively with other people is one of the three competencies identified by Hersey and Campbell 4. Nurse leaders need to be critical thinkers. There are times when they are obligated as caring professionals to question directions, requests, or medical orders

An emotionally intelligent nurse leader: 1. Seeks the emotional support of others 2. Cannot juggle multiple demands 3. Works alone without help 4. Welcomes constructive criticism

Answer: 4 Rationales: Emotionally intelligent leaders welcome criticism that is constructive and acknowledge other team members' perspectives

The NCLEX for nurses is exactly the same in every state in the United States. The examination: 1. Gaurantees safe nursing care for all patients 2. Ensures standard nursing care for all patines 3. Ensures that honest and ethical care is provided 4. Provides a minimal standard or knowledge for a registered nurse in practice

Answer: 4 Rationales: 1. The exam ensures minimally safe practice 2. Standards of care are designated by evidence-based practice 3. Honest and ethical care is expected and guided by the Code of Ethics 4. The NCLEX exam ensures that the registered nurse has achieved the minimum knowledge and skills necessary to enter practice

You are participating in a clinical care coordination conference for a patient with terminal cancer. You talk with your colleagues about using the nursing code of ethics for professional registered nurses to guide care decisions. A non-nursing colleague asks about this code. Which of the following statements best describes this code? 1. Improves communication between the nurse and the patient 2. Protects the patient's right of autonomy 3. ensures identical care to all patients 4. Acts as a guide for professional behaviours in giving patient care

Answer: 4 Rationales: 1. Although good communication is expected, it is not considered an "ethical code." 2. Protecting autonomy is part of the ethical code. 3. All individuals are entitled to equitable care; however, nursing care is patient-centered, so care, although equitable, may not be identical 4. Codes of ethics provide guidelines for appropriate professional behaviours and guide practice

Who stated that the "function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to peaceful death)"? 1. Henderson 2. Rogers 3. Robb 4. Nightingale

Answer: 4 Rationales: 1. Henderson built on Nightingale's theory 2. Rogers developed a theory of nursing known as the Science of Unitary Human Beings 3. Robb was the first superintendent of nurses at Johns Hopkins School of Nursing 4. Florence Nightingale defined nursing function in both the sick and the well state.

Professional Behaviors

Consideration Empathy Respect Ethical and moral values Accountability Commitment to lifelong learning Honesty

Which management style is the interpersonal aspects of managing people

Human-relations approach

Qualities of a leader

Integrity Courage Initiative Energy Optimism Perseverance Balance Ability to handle stress Self-awareness

Does leadership or management require initiative and independent thinking

Leadership

Is leadership or management an informal role

Leadership

Is leadership or management based on influence and shared meaning

Leadership

Does leadership or management Improve by the use of effective leadership

Management

Is leadership or management a designated role

Management

Is leadership or management based on authority

Management

Four common traits of a leader

Management of attention Management of meaning Management of trust Management of self

QSEN Competencies

Patient-centered care Teamwork & Collaboration EBP Quality improvement Safety Informatics

Which management style emphasizes task aspects

Scientific Management

ANA standards of nursing practice

Standard 1. Assessment Standard 2. Diagnosis Standard 3. Outcomes Identification Standard 4. Planning Standard 5. Implementation - 5a. Coordination of Care - 5b. Health Teaching and Health Promotion -5c: Consultation 5d: Prescriptive authority and treatment Standard 6. Evaluation

ANA standards of professional performance

Standard 1: Ethics Standard 2: Education Standard 3: Evidence based practice and research Standard 4: Quality of practice Standard 5: Communication Standard 6: Leadership Standard 7: Collaboration Standard 8: Professional Practice Evaluation Standard 9: Resource Utilization Standard 10: Environmental health

Behaviors of a Leader

Think critically Solve problems Communicate skillfully Set goals share vision Develop self and others

Which theory manager uses constant supervision on employees

X

Which theory manager uses strict rules

X

Which theory manager uses the threat of punishment

X

Which theory manager wants to create an industrious, environment with conscientious workers

X

Which theory manager uses development instead of constant supervision

Y

Which theory manager uses guidance and not control

Y

Which theory manager uses the reward system

Y

Which theory manager wants to create a good environment where employees can work their best in.

Y

Comparison of autocratic, democratic and Laissez-Faire Leadership styles

a democratic leader tries to move the group toward its goals, an autocratic leader tries to move the group toward the leader's goals, and a laissez-faire leader makes no attempt to move the group