Chapter 5- Upper Extremity Part #1 ANATOMY
there are ______ rows of _________ carpals--- proximal and distal.
2 rows of 4 carpals
how many bones does the hand have?
27 bones
Joint effusion
Accumulation of fluid in joint associated with underlying condition
Enchondroma
Benign tumor consisting of cartilage
what is the largest and most centrally located carpal?
Capitate
Rheumatoid arthritis
Chronic , systemic , inflammatory collagen disease
what is the joint classification of the radiocarpal joint?
Classified as synovial, diarthrotic, ellipsoidal type.
Dislocation
Displacement of bone from joint space
Fracture
Disruption in continuity of bone
Bone cyst
Fluid - filled cyst with wall of fibrous tissue
Osteoarthritis or degenerative joint disease
Form of arthritis marked by progressive cartilage deterioration in synovial joints and vertebrae
Bennett
Fracture at base of first metacarpal
Boxer
Fracture of metacarpal neck
Gout
Hereditary form of arthritis in which uric acid is deposited in joints
Metastases
Transfer of cancerous lesion from one area to another
flexor retinaculum
a strong fibrous band that attaches medially to the pisiform and the hook of the hamate and laterally to the tubercles of the scaphoid and trapezium
carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
compression of the median nerve inside the carpal tunnel
anatomic snuff box
depression formed by tendons of the two major muscles of the thumb
DIP
distal interphalangeal
The ____________phalanges are the ____________from the palm.
distal; farthest
Beginning at the lateral, or thumb, side of the hand, the numbers and names are as follows:
first digit (thumb) second digit (index/pointer finger) third digit ( middle finger) fourth digit ( ring finger) fifth digit ( small/pinky finger)
tenderness in the area of the snuff box is a clinical sign suggesting what?
fracture of the scaphoid
forms the medial margin of the carpal groove
hamate and pisiform
Each phalanx has ___,___, and ___.
head, body, and base
IP
interphalangeal
when can we see the anatomic snuff box?
it is visible when the thumb is abducted and extended
The metacarpal heads are most commonly known as the ___________________.
knuckles
What type of bones are metacarpals?
long
What type of bones are the phalanges?
long
What nerve and tendons pass through the carpal canal?
median nerve and the flexor tendons
MC
metacarpal
What composes the palm of the hands?
metacarpals
MCP
metacarpophalangeal
The area below the head of the metacarpal is called the _________.
neck
The proximal phalanges are the closest to the __________________.
palm
carpal canal/tunnel
passageway created between the carpal sulcus and the flexor retinaculum
the hands and fingers are divided into :
phalanges, metacarpals, and carpals
PIP
proximal interphalangeal
What is the most frequently fractured carpal bone?
scaphoid bone
What does the proximal row of carpals contain?
scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
The first metacarpal contains two small _________ bones on its palmar aspect below the neck.
sesamoid
What type of bones are carpals classified as?
short bones
what is the joint classification of a IP joint?
synovial, diarthrotic, or freely movable, hinge type
what do the bases of the metacarpals articulate with?
the carpals
wedge-shaped carpal bone that exhibits a prominent hook located on the anterior surface
the hamate ( hook of the hamate)
What do the heads of the metacarpals articulate with?
the phalanges
what artery carries blood to the dorsum of the hand?
the radial artery
What does the lunate articulate with?
the radius
what does the anatomic snuff box overly?
the scaphoid bone and the radial artery
what constitutes the lateral margin of the carpal groove?
the tubercles of the trapezium and scaphoid
What are carpal bones composed of?
they are largely composed of cancellous tissue with an outer later of compact bony tissue
how are the digits in the phalanges composed?
they are numbered 1 to 5 laterally to medially
how many phalanges are in digits 2 through 5?
three
what does the distal row of carpals contain?
trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
how many phalanges are in the first digit?
two
How many phalanges are in each hand?
14 phalanges
Chondrosarcoma
Malignant tumor arising from cartilage cells
How many metacarpals are there in each hand?
5
How many carpals are there in each hand?
8
label the image: A B C D E F G H I J
A PIP joint B MCP joint C carpals D DIP E IP joint F MCP joint G 1st metacarpal H Carpometacarpals I radius J ulna
label the image: A B C D E F G H
A hamate B capitate C trapezoid D trapezium E scaphoid F lunate G triquetrem H pisifrom
Name the inferosuperior aspect of the carpal sulcus A B C D E F
A triquetrum B pisiform C hook of hamate D capitate E trapezoid F tubercle of trapezium
Ewing sarcoma
Malignant tumor of bone arising in medullary tissue
radiocarpal joint
Articulation between the carpals and the distal radius.
Osteopetrosis
Increased density of atypically soft bone
Osteomyelitis
Inflammation of bone owing to pyogenic infection
Osteoporosis
Loss of bone density
Osteosarcoma
Malignant , primary tumor of bone with bone or cartilage formation
Name the bones of the wrist:
Name the bones of the wrist: A hamate B pisiform C triquetrum D lunate
Tumor
New tissue growth where cell proliferation is uncontrolled
Interphalangeal (IP) Joints
Synovial hinge joints between the phalanges
a triangular depression located on the posterior surface of the wrist when the thumb is abducted and extended
anatomic snuff box
What does the triquetrum articulate with?
anteriorly with the hamate
carpometacarpal (CMC) joint
articulations between the bases of the metacarpals and the carpal bones
intercarpal joints
articulations between the carpal bones
metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP)
articulations between the heads of the metacarpals and the proximal phalanges
At what area do fractures often occur on a metacarpal bone?
at the neck
what does the capitate articulate with?
base of the 3rd metacarpal
Phalanges (hand)
bones of the fingers
Metacarpals
bones of the hand
carpals
bones of the wrist
How are the metacarpals identified?
by numbers, laterally to medially
how are the phalanges identified?
by numerals preceded by proximal, middle, and distal
The anterior or palmar surface of the wrist is concave from side to side and forms the:
carpal sulcus
CMC
carpometacarpal
what is the joint classification of the second to fourth CMC joint?
classified as gliding type
what is the joint classification of the MCP joint?
classified as synovial, diarthrotic, ellipsoidal type
what is the joint classification of the intercarpal joints?
classified as synovial, diarthrotic, gliding type
what is the joint classification of the first CMC joint?
classified as synovial, diarthrotic, saddle type
