Chapter 5

________ live in the large intestine and can be transmitted during sex, but are generally acquired by children through non-sexual means.

pinworms

Large, ulcer-like, painless sore

primary stage syphilis

Intense itching caused by grayish, six legged parasites

public lice

After primary attacks, many herpes sufferers experience _______ attacks when the virus replicates and sheds. The virus is most easily transmitted during active attacks, but can be transmitted at other times.

recurrent

Scaling skin caused by pearly mites

scabies

Itch-less, painless rash all over the body

secondary-stage syphilis

Herpes has been around since biblical times and is spread by direct _______ -to- ______ contact.

skin, skin

________ is the most common thing that brings on recurrent herpes attacks.

stress

Three sexually transmitted infections that ca be passes from an infected pregnant female to the fetus are _________,_________,_________.

syphilis, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis

________ passes through several stages, and if left untreated can cause organ damage and death. These types of STIs can be cured with ______.

syphilis; antibiotics

The best ways to avoid sexually transmitted infections are ________ and ________.

to always use condoms, to abstain from sex until you are in a long term monogamous relationship

Copious, foamy, whitish-green vaginal discharge with foul odor

trichomoniasis

________ is caused by a one-celled protozoan that is transmitted during sexual intercourse.

trichomoniasis

A person with a cold sore on the mouth can give his or her partner genital herpes during oral-genital sex.

true

Anything that changes the chemical environment of the vagina can cause a yeast infection.

true

Chlamydia is more common that gonorrhea.

true

Cold sores and fever blisters are symptoms of herpes.

true

Generally speaking, people who get AIDS this year are those who became infected with HIV to 5-15 years ago.

true

Genital herpes is almost always transmitted by genital-to-genital or mouth-to-genital contact; oral herpes is usually spread by more casual contact.

true

HIV infection is a true pandemic, with at least 34 million people currently infected worldwide.

true

HIV infection is not called AIDS until the immune system is so weakened that the individual's life is threatened.

true

Hepatitis A is most often spread by nonsexual means.

true

Herpes is the leading infectious cause of blindness in the U.S.

true

Most people infected with HIV remain asymptomatic for several years.

true

One fourth to one half of all cases of hepatitis B are sexually transmitted. More Americans die from the complications of hepatitis C each year than from AIDS.

true

Other types of the virus are associated with cancer of the cervix and penis.

true

Pelvic inflammatory disease can be caused by infections that were not contracted during sex.

true

People who get HIV are extremely contagious in the first 60 days after exposure.

true

Physicians can attempt to remove the warts or abnormal cervical cells, but they cannot attack the viruses directly; thus in many cases, the condition reappears.

true

STIs do not strike randomly-- they only affect those who are exposed to the bacteria or viruses.

true

The eggs of public lice can survive for days on towels or sheets.

true

The large majority of women do not show any symptoms in the early stages of gonorrhea or chlamydia.

true

There are three general types of vaginal infections.

true

Worldwide, most cases of HIV infection (infection with the virus that causes AIDS) are contracted by sex between heterosexuals.

true

Trichomoniasis, monoliasis, and bacterial vaginosis are all _________.

types of vaginal infections

Cauliflower-like growths

venereal warts (human papillomavirus infection)

Antibiotics commonly lead to _______ infections.

yeast (monoliasis)

People with HIV are most contagious (when) __________.

during the first 60 days and late in the infection (AIDS)

Two serious possible consequences of PID are _________ and _________.

ectopic pregnancy & infertility

A person can have only one type of sexually transmitted infection at a time.

false

A person who has no symptoms does not have to worry about having gonorrhea, chlamydia, or syphilis.

false

Condoms are generally ineffective against the human immunodeficiency virus.

false

Gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis are often contracted by people who use toilet seats previously used by infected individuals.

false

HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, is sometimes spread by mosquitos.

false

HIV/AIDS can be considered cured when drug therapy reduces HIV to non-detectable levels.

false

Herpes can be cured with a drug called acyclovir.

false

Herpes can sometimes be cured with antibiotics.

false

Homosexuality is one of the causes of AIDS.

false

If left untreated, gonorrhea can turn into syphilis.

false

It is possible to contract HIV by hugging, touching, or being close to an infected person.

false

Only women can contract trichomoniasis and monilial infections.

false

People who have had a sexually transmitted infection in the past are immune to getting that type of STI again.

false

Recurrent herpes attacks are generally more painful, and last longer, the the first (primary) attack.

false

Regular douching decreases the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease.

false

The human papilloma viruses that cause cervical cancer are the same as those that cause genital warts.

false

To minimize their chance of vaginal infections, women should wear panties made of synthetic fabric.

false

Yeast infections (monilial vaginitis) can usually be prevented by using feminine hygiene products.

false

Pus-like discharge and/or burning during urination

gonorrhea

In the early stages of _________ and ________, most women and many men shoe no symptoms.

gonorrhea & chlamydia

The three most common STIs (in the U.S) cause by bacteria are _______, ________, & _______.

gonorrhea, chlamydia, & syphillis

Jaundiced or yellow tinge of skin and eyes

hepatitis

A viral liver infection that can be sexually transmitted is _________.

hepatitis A and B

Fluid-filled blisters

herpes

AIDS is caused by the _________.

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

The sexually transmitted infection that impairs the immune system is called _________.

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Warts in the genital and anal areas are caused by a few types of the _________ virus.

human papilloma (HPV)

A woman who has had __________ is at high risk of getting cancer of the cervix.

human papillomavirus infection

HIV originated from Africa from simian (non-human primate) immunodeficiency viruses. It is transmitted by _______ and exposure to infected _________.

intimate sexual activity; blood

Large ulcers (gummas) on the skin and bones; damage to the heart and nervous system

late-stage syphilis

Hepatitis is an inflammation of the ________ that caused by contact with contaminated ________ (hepatitis A) or infected __________ (hepatitis B).

liver; feces; blood and other body fluids

Worldwide, most cases are spread by sexual activity between _________.

men and women

Wart-like growths that look like small pimples filled with kernels of corn

molluscum contagiosum

________ vaginitis is a fungus or yeast infection that is very common in women.

monilial

Thick, white, curdy vaginal discharge and intense itching

moniliasis (yeast infection)

The bacteria that cause gonorrhea and chlamydia live on ________.

mucous membranes

Any inflammation of the urethra not caused by the gonococcus is called _______.

nongonococcal (or nonspecific) urethritis

People with AIDS eventually die from a variety of ________ infections.

opportunistic

Public lice and scabies are not really infections, but ________. Scabies is caused by a mite that burrows under the skin to lay its eggs.

parasites

Trichomoniasis, pubic lice, and scabies are all caused by ___________.

parasites

In women, untreated gonorrhea or chlamydia can lead to ___________.

pelvic inflammatory disease

If they are not treated , the bacteria that cause these two STIs can invade the upper reproductive tract and cause prostatitis and epididymitis in men and _______ in women.

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Without medication, about half of all individuals who become infected with HIV will develop AIDS within _______ years.

11

There are about 19.7 million new cases of sexually transmitted infections in the U.S every year. One in _________ Americans will have at least one STI sometime in their life.

2

HIV attacks immune system cells call ________.

CD4+ cells

HIV invades and destroys _______ (also called helper T) cells, white blood cells that are a critical part of the body's _________ system.

CD4+; immune

Gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, herpes, HPV infection, HIV infection, trichomoniasis---for which of these infections do women usually not have visible symptoms in the initial stage?

Gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis (the chancre is often internal), HPV infection, HIV infection

The most common AIDS test tests for _________.

HIV antibodies

Loss of appetite, fatigue, slow recovery from colds and flus, continual yeast infections, purple blotches on skin, pneumonia

HIV infection (AIDS)

The most common sexually transmitted infection in the U.S is _______.

HPV infection

For which of the infections listed in the previous question do men usually not show symptoms in the initial stage?

HPV infection, HIV infection, trichomoniasis

Severe abdominal pain and fever

PID

Inflammation of the bladder

cystitis

Sexual behavior does not cause STIs. The behavior is merely the mode of transmission for _______, ________, and/or ________, that must be present for the infections to be transmitted. These causative agents are non discriminating--anyone having sex with an infected partner can get a sexually transmitted infection.

bacteria, viruses, parasites

_______ is caused by severe vaginal bacteria that replace normal hydrogen peroxide producing bacteria.

bacterial vaginosis

HIV/AIDS is not spread by _______.

casual contact

Painful, crater-like sores

chancroid

Many people diagnosed with gonorrhea are also found to have _________.

chlamydia

Thin, clear discharge and irritation of the urethra

chlamydia