Chapter 5
________ live in the large intestine and can be transmitted during sex, but are generally acquired by children through non-sexual means.
pinworms
Large, ulcer-like, painless sore
primary stage syphilis
Intense itching caused by grayish, six legged parasites
public lice
After primary attacks, many herpes sufferers experience _______ attacks when the virus replicates and sheds. The virus is most easily transmitted during active attacks, but can be transmitted at other times.
recurrent
Scaling skin caused by pearly mites
scabies
Itch-less, painless rash all over the body
secondary-stage syphilis
Herpes has been around since biblical times and is spread by direct _______ -to- ______ contact.
skin, skin
________ is the most common thing that brings on recurrent herpes attacks.
stress
Three sexually transmitted infections that ca be passes from an infected pregnant female to the fetus are _________,_________,_________.
syphilis, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis
________ passes through several stages, and if left untreated can cause organ damage and death. These types of STIs can be cured with ______.
syphilis; antibiotics
The best ways to avoid sexually transmitted infections are ________ and ________.
to always use condoms, to abstain from sex until you are in a long term monogamous relationship
Copious, foamy, whitish-green vaginal discharge with foul odor
trichomoniasis
________ is caused by a one-celled protozoan that is transmitted during sexual intercourse.
trichomoniasis
A person with a cold sore on the mouth can give his or her partner genital herpes during oral-genital sex.
true
Anything that changes the chemical environment of the vagina can cause a yeast infection.
true
Chlamydia is more common that gonorrhea.
true
Cold sores and fever blisters are symptoms of herpes.
true
Generally speaking, people who get AIDS this year are those who became infected with HIV to 5-15 years ago.
true
Genital herpes is almost always transmitted by genital-to-genital or mouth-to-genital contact; oral herpes is usually spread by more casual contact.
true
HIV infection is a true pandemic, with at least 34 million people currently infected worldwide.
true
HIV infection is not called AIDS until the immune system is so weakened that the individual's life is threatened.
true
Hepatitis A is most often spread by nonsexual means.
true
Herpes is the leading infectious cause of blindness in the U.S.
true
Most people infected with HIV remain asymptomatic for several years.
true
One fourth to one half of all cases of hepatitis B are sexually transmitted. More Americans die from the complications of hepatitis C each year than from AIDS.
true
Other types of the virus are associated with cancer of the cervix and penis.
true
Pelvic inflammatory disease can be caused by infections that were not contracted during sex.
true
People who get HIV are extremely contagious in the first 60 days after exposure.
true
Physicians can attempt to remove the warts or abnormal cervical cells, but they cannot attack the viruses directly; thus in many cases, the condition reappears.
true
STIs do not strike randomly-- they only affect those who are exposed to the bacteria or viruses.
true
The eggs of public lice can survive for days on towels or sheets.
true
The large majority of women do not show any symptoms in the early stages of gonorrhea or chlamydia.
true
There are three general types of vaginal infections.
true
Worldwide, most cases of HIV infection (infection with the virus that causes AIDS) are contracted by sex between heterosexuals.
true
Trichomoniasis, monoliasis, and bacterial vaginosis are all _________.
types of vaginal infections
Cauliflower-like growths
venereal warts (human papillomavirus infection)
Antibiotics commonly lead to _______ infections.
yeast (monoliasis)
People with HIV are most contagious (when) __________.
during the first 60 days and late in the infection (AIDS)
Two serious possible consequences of PID are _________ and _________.
ectopic pregnancy & infertility
A person can have only one type of sexually transmitted infection at a time.
false
A person who has no symptoms does not have to worry about having gonorrhea, chlamydia, or syphilis.
false
Condoms are generally ineffective against the human immunodeficiency virus.
false
Gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis are often contracted by people who use toilet seats previously used by infected individuals.
false
HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, is sometimes spread by mosquitos.
false
HIV/AIDS can be considered cured when drug therapy reduces HIV to non-detectable levels.
false
Herpes can be cured with a drug called acyclovir.
false
Herpes can sometimes be cured with antibiotics.
false
Homosexuality is one of the causes of AIDS.
false
If left untreated, gonorrhea can turn into syphilis.
false
It is possible to contract HIV by hugging, touching, or being close to an infected person.
false
Only women can contract trichomoniasis and monilial infections.
false
People who have had a sexually transmitted infection in the past are immune to getting that type of STI again.
false
Recurrent herpes attacks are generally more painful, and last longer, the the first (primary) attack.
false
Regular douching decreases the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease.
false
The human papilloma viruses that cause cervical cancer are the same as those that cause genital warts.
false
To minimize their chance of vaginal infections, women should wear panties made of synthetic fabric.
false
Yeast infections (monilial vaginitis) can usually be prevented by using feminine hygiene products.
false
Pus-like discharge and/or burning during urination
gonorrhea
In the early stages of _________ and ________, most women and many men shoe no symptoms.
gonorrhea & chlamydia
The three most common STIs (in the U.S) cause by bacteria are _______, ________, & _______.
gonorrhea, chlamydia, & syphillis
Jaundiced or yellow tinge of skin and eyes
hepatitis
A viral liver infection that can be sexually transmitted is _________.
hepatitis A and B
Fluid-filled blisters
herpes
AIDS is caused by the _________.
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
The sexually transmitted infection that impairs the immune system is called _________.
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Warts in the genital and anal areas are caused by a few types of the _________ virus.
human papilloma (HPV)
A woman who has had __________ is at high risk of getting cancer of the cervix.
human papillomavirus infection
HIV originated from Africa from simian (non-human primate) immunodeficiency viruses. It is transmitted by _______ and exposure to infected _________.
intimate sexual activity; blood
Large ulcers (gummas) on the skin and bones; damage to the heart and nervous system
late-stage syphilis
Hepatitis is an inflammation of the ________ that caused by contact with contaminated ________ (hepatitis A) or infected __________ (hepatitis B).
liver; feces; blood and other body fluids
Worldwide, most cases are spread by sexual activity between _________.
men and women
Wart-like growths that look like small pimples filled with kernels of corn
molluscum contagiosum
________ vaginitis is a fungus or yeast infection that is very common in women.
monilial
Thick, white, curdy vaginal discharge and intense itching
moniliasis (yeast infection)
The bacteria that cause gonorrhea and chlamydia live on ________.
mucous membranes
Any inflammation of the urethra not caused by the gonococcus is called _______.
nongonococcal (or nonspecific) urethritis
People with AIDS eventually die from a variety of ________ infections.
opportunistic
Public lice and scabies are not really infections, but ________. Scabies is caused by a mite that burrows under the skin to lay its eggs.
parasites
Trichomoniasis, pubic lice, and scabies are all caused by ___________.
parasites
In women, untreated gonorrhea or chlamydia can lead to ___________.
pelvic inflammatory disease
If they are not treated , the bacteria that cause these two STIs can invade the upper reproductive tract and cause prostatitis and epididymitis in men and _______ in women.
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Without medication, about half of all individuals who become infected with HIV will develop AIDS within _______ years.
11
There are about 19.7 million new cases of sexually transmitted infections in the U.S every year. One in _________ Americans will have at least one STI sometime in their life.
2
HIV attacks immune system cells call ________.
CD4+ cells
HIV invades and destroys _______ (also called helper T) cells, white blood cells that are a critical part of the body's _________ system.
CD4+; immune
Gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, herpes, HPV infection, HIV infection, trichomoniasis---for which of these infections do women usually not have visible symptoms in the initial stage?
Gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis (the chancre is often internal), HPV infection, HIV infection
The most common AIDS test tests for _________.
HIV antibodies
Loss of appetite, fatigue, slow recovery from colds and flus, continual yeast infections, purple blotches on skin, pneumonia
HIV infection (AIDS)
The most common sexually transmitted infection in the U.S is _______.
HPV infection
For which of the infections listed in the previous question do men usually not show symptoms in the initial stage?
HPV infection, HIV infection, trichomoniasis
Severe abdominal pain and fever
PID
Inflammation of the bladder
cystitis
Sexual behavior does not cause STIs. The behavior is merely the mode of transmission for _______, ________, and/or ________, that must be present for the infections to be transmitted. These causative agents are non discriminating--anyone having sex with an infected partner can get a sexually transmitted infection.
bacteria, viruses, parasites
_______ is caused by severe vaginal bacteria that replace normal hydrogen peroxide producing bacteria.
bacterial vaginosis
HIV/AIDS is not spread by _______.
casual contact
Painful, crater-like sores
chancroid
Many people diagnosed with gonorrhea are also found to have _________.
chlamydia
Thin, clear discharge and irritation of the urethra
chlamydia
