Chapter 5
Nested Loop
a loop that is inside another loop; an inner loop goes through all of its iterations for every single iteration of an outer loop
Sentinel
a special value that marks the end of a list of values, used as stop values for loops; must be unique enough that it will not be mistaken as a regular value in the list
Running Total
a sum of numbers that accumulates with each iteration of a loop
Initialization
before loop begins, the counter variable is initialized to a starting variable
Repetition Structure (Loop)
causes a statement or set of statements to execute repeatedly; write the code for an operation once, and then place that code in a structure that makes the computer repeat it as many times as necessary
Do-Until Loop
do some task while a condition is false; the best choice when you want to perform a task until a condition is true but not all languages support this type of loop
Do-While Loop
do some task while some condition is true; the best choice when you always want the task to be performed at least once, regardless if the condition is true or false to start with
Infinite Loop
doesn't have a way of stopping; continues to repeat until the program is interrupted (should be avoided)
Iteration
each execution of the body of a loop
While Loop
has 2 parts: (1) a condition that is tested for a true or false value, and (2) a statement or set of statements that is repeated as long as the condition is true; ideal in situations where the condition might be false to start with
Test
loop tests the counter variable by comparing it to a maximum value; if the counter variable is <= the maximum value, the loop iterates; if the counter variable is > the maximum value, the program exits the loop
Posttest Lop
means it performs an iteration before testing its condition; so, the Do-While loop always performs at least one iteration, even if its condition is false to begin with.
Pretest Loop
means it tests its condition before performing an iteration; usually means you have to perform some steps prior to the loop to make sure that the loop executes at least once
Count-Controlled Loop
repeats a specific number of times; there is initialization, test, and increment expressions that control the loop
For Loop
specifically designed to initialize, test, and increment a counter variable; they can increment by more than one, count backwards by decrementing, or allow the user to control the number of interactions
Step Amount
the amount by which the counter variable is incremented in a For loop
Body of the Loop
the statements that appear on the lines between the While and End While clauses
Accumulator
the variable used to keep the running total
Increment
to do this means to increase a variables value; during each iteration, the loop increments the counter variable by adding one to it
Decrement
to do this to a variable means to decrease its value
Counter Variable
used by a count-controlled loop to store the number of iterations that it has performed
Condition-Controlled Loop
uses a true/false condition to control the number of times that it repeats