Chapter 6:

Sarah consumes approximately 2,000 kcal/day. According to recommendations of the 2015-2020 version of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, she should limit her saturated fat intake to fewer than ________ kcal/day.

200

Bill recorded his food intake for a week and then used a computerized dietary analysis program to analyze his diet record. According to the results of the analysis, his average fat intake was ________% of total calories each day, which is within the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range.

25

True or false: Fatty acids are always saturated.

False

________ cells, which remove fatty acids and glycerol from the blood and reassemble them as triglycerides for storage, are commonly called fat cells.

Adipose

What increases the formation of clots in an artery because it slows blood flow to an area?

Arterial plaque

According to the Dietary Guidelines cholesterol intake should be ________.

As little as possible

According to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines, healthy adults should consume ________. Less than 400 mg cholesterol/day No cholesterol As little cholesterol as possible while following a healthy diet. Less than 200 mg cholesterol/day

As little cholesterol as possible while following a healthy diet

________ is a long-term process in which plaques build up inside arterial walls.

Atherosclerosis

________, is a condition that can inhibit the blood flow and permanently damage the kidneys, eyes, legs, heart, and brain.

Atherosclerosis

Bill would like to follow recommendations that would reduce his risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Based on this information, Bill should

Become more physically active

Don recorded hid food intake for a week and then used a computerized dietary analysis program to analyze his diet. According to the results of the analysis, his average daily saturated fat intake was 5% of total calories and his average daily unsaturated fat intake was 12% of total calories. Based on this information, his fat intake is ________ the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range. Below Within Above

Below

The liver uses cholesterol to make ________.

Bile

Why are the chemical structures of trans and saturated fatty acids similar

Both have a straight shape

True or false: Women are more prone to heart attacks than men.

False

One in three adult Americans suffer from some form of ________ disease, which includes heart disease and stroke.

CVD

Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids?

Canola oil

Which of the following foods naturally contains cholesterol? Broccoli Chicken Peanuts Sunflower seeds

Chicken

When he prepares food, Edgar wants to use ingredients that are not high in trans fat. Based on this information, which of the following fats should be include in his recipes?

Corn oil

A 2016 study found that replacing 5% of energy from saturated dats with an equal amount of energy from PUFA and MUFA fats was associated with a 27% ________ in CVD

Decrease

What are some examples of food sources that contain cholesterol?

Eggs, chicken, ice cream

________ acid I'd an omega-3 fatty acid

Eicosapentaenoic

Which of the following foods is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids? Fat-free milk Flaxseeds Leaf lettuce Apples

Flaxseeds

HDL cholesterol is considered "________" cholesterol because it does not contribute to plaque formation.

Healthy

Hypertension is serious and chronic condition that increases risk of

Heart disease, Atherosclerosis, and sudden death

Layla has a high risk of cardiovascular disease, because of her family history and

High blood levels of LDL cholesterol

What is the chemical structure of an omega-3 fatty acid

It contains the first carbon-carbon double bond on the third carbon from the omega end of the carbon chain

Which statement is true about the hydrogenation process?

It produces trans fats

Choose the body parts that are most vulnerable to damage by atherosclerosis.

Legs, Eyes, Kidneys

A chylomicron is a type of ________.

Lipoprotein

Acccording to the Dietary Guidelines to reduce risk for cardiovascular disease, saturated fats should contribute

No more than 10% of total kilocalories

When she prepares food, Felicia wants to use a product that is a rich source of unsaturated fat. Based on this information, which of the following fats should she select?

Olive oil

Owen usually consumes about 3,000 kcal/day. On average, his fat intake is approximately 80 g/day. Based on this information, which of the following statements describes Owen's diet?

Owen's fat intake is within the AMDR

Which of the following statements is true? A diet that is high in saturated fat helps reduce high blood cholesterol levels. Oxidized LDL contributes to arterial plaque buildup. High levels of HDL cholesterol are associated with increased risk of heart disease. Foods that contain cholesterol should be avoided because the substance is toxic to human cells.

Oxidized LDL contributes to arterial plaque buildup

Lecithin is a type of ________.

Phospholipid

In the body, certain lipids ________.

Provide energy

In the body, lipids ________.

Provide insulation against cold temperature

Atherosclerosis is a complex disease with multiple

Risk factors

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a hormone that ________.

Stimulates the gallbladder to release bile into the small intestine

An omega-3 fatty acid is

Unsaturated

Which of the following foods is a rich source of saturated dat and cholesterol?

Whole milk

Choose the foods that naturally contain small amounts of trans fat

Whole milk and whole milk products, meat, butter

The main characteristic all lipids have in common is that they are __________ in water.

Insoluble

________ acid is an essential fatty acid.

Lineleic

Name the class of nutrients that consists of triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols

Lipids

A substance that keeps water-soluble and warmer-insoluble compounds mixed together is called a(n)

Emulsifier

________ is a hormone that stimulates the gallbladder to release bile and the pancreas to release digestive enzymes.

Cholecystokinin

________ is found only in foods that contain animal products.

Cholesterol

Which of the following plant oils contains the highest amount of saturated fat per tablespoon?

Coconut oil

A scientist has discovered a new molecular compound that is a long chain of 26 carbons bonded together with a methyl group on one end and an acid group on the other end of the molecule. The compound does not contain any nitrogen or sulfur atoms. Based on this information, the compound is a(n) ________.

Fatty acid

Name one of the most common digestive diseases in the United States

Gallstones

________ is a major risk factor of CVD that cannot be modified.

Genetics

Atherosclerosis contributes to the development of ________, a chronic condition characterized by abnormally high blood pressure.

Hypertension

Which of the following statements is true? Most fatty acids in food are water soluble. In nature, fatty acids typically have even numbers of carbon atoms. The omega end of a fatty acid molecule is the acid portion of the molecule. A fatty acid is a polymer of glucose molecules.

In nature, fatty acids typically have even numbers of carbon atoms

Name a characteristic that is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD)

Increasing age

Which of the following statements about lipids is true? Oil is more dense than water such that it floats to the bottom when oil and water are mixed. Lipids dissolve in organic solvents, such as alcohol and acetone. Lipids dissolve in water-based substances, such as vinegar. Most lipids are hydrophilic.

Lipids dissolve in organic solvents, such as alcohol and acetone

Which of the following statements is true? Foods that contain cholesterol should be avoided because the substance is toxic to human cells. High levels of HDL cholesterol are associated with increased risk of heart disease. Oxidized LDL contributes to arterial plaque buildup. A diet that is high in saturated fat helps reduce high blood cholesterol levels.

Oxidized LDL contributes to arterial plaque buildup

________ ________ is a digestive enzyme that removes two fatty acids from each triglyceride molecule.

Pancreatic lipase

Which of the following statements describe pancreatic lipase? Pancreatic lipase is secreted from the ileum and is necessary for lipoprotein synthesis. Pancreatic lipase is secreted into the duodenum and is necessary for fat digestion. Pancreatic lipase is a component of bile salts and is necessary for cholesterol digestion. Pancreatic lipase is stored in the gall bladder and is necessary for fat digestion.

Pancreatic lipase is secreted into the duodenum and is necessary for fat digestion.

A scientist has isolated a chemical compound that is partially soluble in water. The chemical helps keep water soluble substances mixed with fats. When analyzing the composition of the chemical, the scientist determined that, in addition to carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, the compound contains nitrogen and phosphorus atoms. Based on this information, the compound is a(n) ________.

Phospholipid

Which of the following statements is false? Phospholipids have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic portions. Phospholipids are naturally found in both plant and animal foods. Lecithin is an example of a phospholipid found naturally in egg yolks. Phospholipids have a similar chemical structure to cholesterol.

Phospholipids have a similar chemical structure to cholesterol

A scientist has isolated a fatty acid that has 26 carbons. Most of the carbon atoms in the fatty acid chain are connected by single bonds, except there is a double bond between the number 3 and 4 carbons as well as the number 9 and 10 carbons. The only other elements in the compund are hydrogen and oxygen. Based on this information, the compound is a ________ fatty acid.

Polyunsaturated

Which of the following foods contains cholesterol? Green beans White potato Ripe banana Roast pork

Roast pork

________ fatty acids consist entirely of carbon-carbon single bonds

Saturated

Hypertension is often referred to as a "________ ________" because people with the condition frequently feel healthy and do not have obvious symptoms that indicate trouble.

Silent disease

Name a food that is naturally a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Soybean oil

Major functions of lipids include all of the following EXCEPT: Stimulate the production of vitamins and minerals. Help in the production of steroid hormones. Serving as an energy source. Cushioning of the body against bumps and blows.

Stimulate the production of vitamins and minerals

Which of the following statements is true? VLDLs transport most cholesterol in blood to the liver for disposal. The cholesterol carried by oxidized LDL is taken up by certain arterial cells and deposited in plaque. All forms of LDL cholesterol are considered unhealthy, because they increase the risk of diabetes. Hydrolyzed HDL is a toxic lipoprotein that contributes to cardiovascular disease.

The cholesterol carried by oxidized LDL is taken up by certain arterial cells and deposited in plaque.

Clots that remain in place and disrupt blood flow is called a ________.

Thrombus

While a(n) ________ is a fixed bunch of clots that remain in place disrupting blood flow, a(n) ________ is a clot that breaks free from where it forms and travels through the bloodstream.

Thrombus, embolus

________ fats produced during the hydrogenation processclosel resemble the structure of ________ fats due to the altered chemical structure that results during this process.

Trans, saturated

A ________ has three fatty acids attached to glycerol

Triglyceride

True or false: Phospholipids contain both a hydrophobic and hydrophilic portion, which attract and repel water.

True

Which of the following characteristics increases a person's risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)? Higher than average intakes of calcium Female sex Type 2 diabetes Asian ancestry

Type 2 diabetes

April wants to add _____ to her salad, because the food is a naturally rich source of omega-3 fats.

Walnuts

John's blood test results indicate that his LDL-cholesterol level is too high. Which of the following actions would a registered dietitian nutritionist recommend? Increase egg yolk consumption Take a broad spectrum antibiotic Reduce intake of fresh fruits and vegetables Increase intake of legumes and nuts

Increase intake of legumes and nuts

Which of the following characteristics is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD)? High intakes of vitamin C Asian ancestry Increasing age Low income level

Increasing age

Manufacturers use ________ to increase the shelf life of foods and to decrease rancidity.

Partial hydrogenated oils