chapter 6 60000

Republican advertisements about Representative Charlie Williams, the Democratic candidate, portray him as lazy, dishonest, and poor at his job. At the same time, the Democratic ads for Charlie Williams describe him as a caring, honest, hard worker. The sponsors of these advertisements know that ads can affect whom voters choose on Election Day. The tendency of voters to be influenced by how a situation or problem is presented to them is an example of A) framing bias. B) stirring the waters. C) goal displacement. D) overconfidence bias.

A) framing bias.

The advantages of ________ are having a greater pool of knowledge, gaining different perspectives, gaining intellectual stimulation, having a better understanding of decision rationale, and having a deeper commitment to the decision. A) group decision-making B) a deeper commitment to the decision C) the less-thought required decision D) a quicker decision

A) group decision-making

Noted physicist, Stephen Hawking, warned about the dangers of ________, such as autonomous weapons or deep-fake videos. A) weaponized AI B) electronic brainstorming C) robotic process automation D) algorithms

A) weaponized AI

qDuring a job interview, how can you demonstrate your decision-making skills? A) Ask for advice from the interviewer. B) Describe a time in which you used intuition. C) Consider if the benefits outweigh the costs. D) Reflect on your past decisions.

B) Describe a time in which you used intuition.

Which of the following is an appropriate measure to prevent groupthink? A) Rely only on the experts that are members of the group. B) Encourage each group member to vocalize doubts and criticisms. C) Limit individual reflection outside of the group. D) Question the loyalty of anyone who disagrees.

B) Encourage each group member to vocalize doubts and criticisms.

A person's ________ reflects the combination of how he or she perceives and responds to information. Version 1 15 A) location on the introvert/extrovert scale B) decision-making style C) time orientation D) Big Data perception

B) decision-making style

Zoe, a department manager at Furniture Square, is considering whether to use a group to develop a plan to incentivize employees to sell extended warranties and auxiliary services. Zoe should consider having the group make this decision if A) time is of the essence. B) it will increase acceptance of the plan. C) group members are not knowledgeable and need to learn more. D) group members are overly confident about decision making.

B) it will increase acceptance of the plan.

Sara was telling her girlfriend about her new job. Sara explained, "We work in groups all the time and everyone gets along so well. I don't even have to speak up because my group just knows that I agree." Sara's group may be experiencing A) the wisdom of crowds. B) sense of invulnerability. C) illusion of unanimity and peer pressure. D) greater pool of knowledge.

C) illusion of unanimity and peer pressure.

Saburo, a server in a downtown café, is very popular with customers and employees. He has a warm personality and will always lend a hand when needed. Saburo has a supportive nature that leads people to confide in him. He does have a tendency to avoid conflict and finds it difficult to say no when he might hurt someone's feelings. Saburo likely has a(n) ________ decision-making style. A) directive B) conceptual C) behavioral D) analytical

behavioral

is a technique used to help groups generate multiple ideas and alternatives for solving problems. A) Groupthink B) Big Data C) Minority dissent D) Brainstorming

brainstormin

Which of the following is an approach that increases creativity by limiting social cues and encouraging an uninterrupted flow of ideas? A) brainstorming B) brainwriting C) groupthink D) electronic visualization

brainwriting

Ronin feels that the best decisions result when his team members present conflicting proposals before choosing one. Ronin believes the ________ method saves time by exploring opposing options up front. A) brainstorm B) dialectic

dialect

A decision tree, which is the chain of command used by many organizations when discussing alternatives, must be followed when getting decisions approved.

false

The University of Calabasas senior leadership team had to quickly make a decision on whether to hold classes in-person or online due to COVID-19. Its president is known to be very people-oriented and avoids conflict as much as possible. Based on what you know about decision -making styles, the university president's style will be effective in this ambiguous situation.

false

Haidar wants to be transparent about his new company's products, so he will market his cleaners as 30% toxic and 90% effective. Haidar is counting on customers to use their hindsight bias.

falsee

A team of HR professionals is reviewing options for the new benefits package. During their first meeting, Evona suggested offering the contract to HealthPlus HMO, and the others agreed with Evona for the sake of unanimity, without ever researching or analyzing the decision. Evona and her team are engaged in Version 1 25 A) groupthink. B) heuristics. C) minority dissent. D) goal displacement.

groupthink

bias causes people to view events as being more predictable than they really are. A) Framing B) Hindsight C) Sunk-cost D) Categorical thinking

hindsighr

As the director of human resources, Azhar convinced the company to spend a large sum of money on a new training program. After spending thousands of dollars implementing the training and almost four months of employee work time, they feel that there has been little improvement. The training is scheduled to continue for two more months, and Azhar feels that too much money has been spent to simply abandon the training. Azhar is experiencing A) blind bias. B) a training trap. C) confirmation bias. D) sunk-cost bias.

sunk cost

Decision making is the process of identifying and choosing alternative courses of action.

true

Gabrielle, the electronics department team leader at a local Target store, has a good working relationship with her employees. She believes in an open-door policy, and she encourages the open exchange of opinions in her department. Gabrielle utilizes the analytical style of management.

true

Matias is always on time for work and stays late whenever he is needed. Last week though, he was late three days and asked to leave early on two other days. When it was time to post the schedule for the next week, his manager reduced Matias's hours. When Matias asked why, she told him, "I just can't count on you." Matias's manager has availability bias.

true

With satisficing, managers look for alternatives until they find one that is satisfactory, not optimal.

true

Upon graduating from college, Annie needed to decide which city she wanted to live in, what kind of job to look for, whether to apply to graduate school now or later, what to do about her lease that was going to expire in three months, and whether to trade-in her car. What would you advise Annie to do first in her decision-making process? A) List the decisions she needs to make. B) Characterize the complexity and magnitude of each decision. C) Organize her decisions as strategic, significant, or quick. D) Note the time for each decision.

A) List the decisions she needs to make.

What is a sign that a group is suffering from groupthink? Version 1 28 A) Peer pressure makes members agree with the ideas of the other people in the group. B) Minority dissent is allowed, even encouraged. C) All ideas and conclusions must be backed up with data. D) The group would rather take the time to come to the right decision rather than agree too quickly on what may be the wrong decision.

A) Peer pressure makes members agree with the ideas of the other people in the group.

Kameko, the CEO of an oil drilling company, and her top management team recently discovered that their facilities are damaging a beach in Asia and the local wildlife. Apply Bagley's ethical decision tree to help Kameko decide if temporarily closing or not closing the facilities is the right thing to do. Assuming it is legal to close the facilities, which of the following would you advise Kameko when she asks you, "Should we close the facilities?" A) Yes, close the facilities because not taking action would be unethical. B) Yes, close the facilities because stopping business maximizes shareholder value. C) No, keep the facilities open because environmental damage is not a big deal. D) No, keep the facilities open because that maximizes shareholder value.

A) Yes, close the facilities because not taking action would be unethical.

"All birds lay eggs. A swan is a bird. Therefore, a swan lays eggs." This passage is an example of A) a syllogism. B) automated business processes. C) machine learning. D) predictive analytics.

A) a syllogism.

Ichiro is an on-site coordinator for the International Olympics Committee. Ichiro is good at his job because he regularly seeks new ideas and contrary opinions. He tolerates ambiguity well while being quite task-focused. Ichiro's decision-making style is best described as A) analytical. B) conceptual. C) valuable. D) behavioral.

A) analytical.

Decisions are sometimes based on an initial figure due to Version 1 21 A) anchoring and adjustment bias. B) the representativeness effect. C) availability bias. D) confirmation bias.

A) anchoring and adjustment bias.

Based on what you read in the Management in Action case, assume law enforcement only sought to seek data that affirms their position that Juul is breaking the law, and discounted information showing the company was not doing so. This means that law enforcement is most likely suffering from the ________ bias. A) confirmation B) sunk-cost C) availability D) anchoring and adjustment

A) confirmation

Reggie's Records uses time-series forecasts, such as past holiday sales and the strength of store sales this year, to predict future sales based on patterns of historical data. Reggie's is using A) data analytics. B) groupthink. C) sunk-cost bias. D) big data.

A) data analytics.

Concerns about ethical behavior have led many companies to appoint a(n) ________, someone trained about matters of ethics in the workplace, particularly about resolving ethical dilemmas. A) ethics officer B) mandated reporter C) decision-tree grapher D) diversity officer

A) ethics officer

Seamus, the manager of a kitchen supply store, is stressed that his store may soon be closed by corporate. Seamus has not been sleeping well, and his anxiety and irritability are quite 0 Version 1 20 severe. On several occasions this month, Seamus has missed important details in his job. Today the district manager is coming to Seamus's store to perform a quarterly review. Seamus is worried the district manager may show an availability bias by A) focusing on performance data from only the last few weeks. B) saying she knew all along that Seamus was a poor manager. C) focusing on the excellent employee retention numbers for Seamus's store. D) being sure she is the best person to evaluate Seamus's performance.

A) focusing on performance data from only the last few weeks.

Ellis is overseeing the development of a huge greenspace in an urban city center. He knows this project will affect millions of people, and he wants all key groups represented. As he considers who to add to the development team, he lists many civic and private organizations, education and environmental advocates, leaders of commerce and industry, as well as political officials and municipal agencies, that must all be involved. As Ellis reviews his list, with over 40 people on it, he decides that is a good enough number, and he is about to start sending out the invitations to the first meeting. Ellis's partner passes by and reminds him that, in general, the larger the group, the A) lower the quality of their decisions. B) higher the quality of their decisions. C) faster they make decisions. D) faster they come to consensus.

A) lower the quality of their decisions.

Julieta believes she is a world-class singer. If Julieta has overconfidence bias, which of these is likely to happen? A) Julieta will continue to spend lots of money on vocal lessons. B) Julieta will audition for a Broadway show, but will not get the part. C) Julieta will look back on an audition and know why she was selected for the part. D) Julieta will classify every other singer as better or worse than herself.

B) Julieta will audition for a Broadway show, but will not get the part.

Greta, the quality control inspector at a baby food copacking factory, has discarded fourof the previous nine batches of baby food for trace levels of contamination. Great needs to turn this problem around and find a way to improve the situation, so she should probably perform A) a minority dissent. B) a diagnosis. C) project post-mortem. D) a feasibility analysis.

B) a diagnosis.

Luana is the owner of a small business that sells smoked meats and cheeses. The trendiest restaurant in a nearby city approached Luana about serving her products on its menu. Luana knows that seizing this opportunity could Version 1 10 A) inhibit her goal achievement. B) allow her to grow her business much faster than she expected. C) fully align her tactical and corporate strategic goals. D) decrease brand awareness for her business.

B) allow her to grow her business much faster than she expected.

Santiago is the vice president of operations for a company that manufactures floor cleaning robots. The company's largest factory recently burned down, though thankfully no one was harmed. Now Santiago must decide the best course forward to replace that manufacturing capacity. He is considering rebuilding in the same location, moving to another city or state, or even another continent. In making this decision, Santiago will likely encounter ________ due to Version 1 11 the countless locations, timelines, contractors, and demand pressures he must consider. A) an ethical dilemma B) bounded rationality C) groupthink D) a bounded dilemma

B) bounded rationality

Delfina has set up a booth at a food and wine trade show. Delfina is giving away samples of her restaurant's most popular dish, but she wants to only give free samples to people who might buy her food. Thus, Delfina looks at everyone who passes by and employs the ________ bias to decide which people might be customers. A) hindsight B) categorical thinking C) escalation of commitment D) anchoring and adjustment

B) categorical thinking

To improve your likelihood of making ethical decisions and having more positive interpersonal relationships, you could A) review the steps you took to arrive at your decision. B) practice mindfulness. C) identify the weak spot in your process. D) load up on new facts and information.

B) practice mindfulness.

LaShawn and his partner, Nathan, have decided to update their firm's computer network, although they have no expertise in this area. Recently, they discussed the many constraints on their decision, such as the complexity of technology, limited time and money, imperfect information, and our conflicting goals. These limitations are hindrances to A) satisficing. B) rational decision making. C) intuitive decision making. D) an ethical dilemma.

B) rational decision making.

Rural Regional Hospital uses ________, so it is using robotic codes on its servers to route phone calls, track medical billing, and maintain patient records A) big data B) robotic process automation C) autonomous devices D) electronic brainstorming

B) robotic process automation

Artificial intelligence is defined as A) robots acting like a human inputting and extracting information. B) the ability of a digital computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent human beings. C) the process of examining data sets in order to draw conclusions about the information they contain. D) a graph

B) the ability of a digital computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks

Trevon, owner of a hotel in Miami, is negotiating an executive lodging agreement with a major corporation that would keep his hotel at 70% occupancy at all times. To land the deal, Version 1 19 Trevon's hotel needs lots of updates to its furnishings and amenities within the next six weeks. Given the time constraints and the many decisions to be made, Trevon will likely employ A) predictive analytics. B) the satisficing model. C) automated experience. D) hindsight bias.

B) the satisficing model.

When confronted with a decision, managers should utilize ________, which includes these four questions: "Is the proposed action legal? If yes, does the proposed action maximize shareholder value? If yes, is the proposed action ethical? If no, would it be ethical to take the 0 Version 1 18 proposed action?" A) Maslow's hierarchy of needs B) the stakeholder's value statement C) Bagley's ethical decision tree D) the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

C) Bagley's ethical decision tree

According to Harvard Business Review, increasingly stringent regulations and the 24/7 news cycle are driving reasons for the increase in A) donations to the ACLU. B) closing of stores on small town squares. C) CEO firings due to ethical lapses. D) job applicants relocating from other cities.

C) CEO firings due to ethical lapses.

Ryan is preparing for a job interview at a local hospital. Based on what you know about decision-making related career readiness competencies, which of these questions should Ryan be most prepared to respond to? A) What is your desired salary? Version 1 37 B) Tell us typical decisions you make on a daily basis. C) Describe the process you use to make decisions. D) What does decision making mean to you?

C) Describe the process you use to make decisions.

Akio is evaluating the alternatives that might solve his company's problem. One alternative would be an excellent outcome, but Akio is considering if he has enough time and resources to achieve it. Akio is asking himself: A) Is it efficient? B) Is it ethical? C) Is it feasible? D) Is it profitable?

C) Is it feasible?

A decision tree is A) a structure of problem-solving ideas, with its roots based on the organization's mission. B) the hierarchy that must be followed when getting decisions approved. C) a graph of decisions and their possible consequences. D) a location used by Chinese philosopher Confucius in times of intense pressure.

C) a graph of decisions and their possible consequences.

Satisficing is the tendency of A) people to view events as being more predictable than they really are. B) decision makers to be influenced by the way a situation or problem is presented to them. C) a group to settle on a decision that is "good enough." D) people to see events based on what has happened in the past.

C) a group to settle on a decision that is "good enough."

In the Management in Action case, it is apparent that Juul's CEO is unable to make a rational decision because of imperfect information, conflicting goals, and the complexity of the problem. There barriers are associated with A) hubris. B) intuition. C) bounded rationality. D) ethical dilemmas.

C) bounded rationality

Which of the following lists represent ways to improve group problem solving as identified by decision-making experts? A) consensus, groupthink, dialectic method B) devil's advocacy, minority dissent, goal displacement C) brainstorming, dialectic method, post-mortems D) peer pressure, brainwriting, bullying

C) brainstorming, dialectic method, post-mortems

A decision is a A) formal verification of an organization's financial and operational systems. B) biased way of thinking in which people seek information that supports their point of view and discount data that does not. C) choice made from among available alternatives. D) strategy that simplifies the decision-making process.

C) choice made from among available alternatives.

When people seek information to support their point of view and discount data that do not, they are subject to ________ bias. A) blind B) overconfidence C) confirmation D) framing

C) confirmation

Goal displacement, satisficing, and groupthink are A) some advantages of group decision making. B) disadvantages of individual decision making. C) disadvantages of group decision making. D) problems with synergy.

C) disadvantages of group decision making.

Jordan likes working in as an insurance underwriter because it has structure and certainty, and the daily work is routine. Jordan probably A) has a high tolerance for ambiguity. B) has a large need for ambiguity. Jordan likes working in as an insurance underwriter because it has structure and certainty, and the daily work is routine. Jordan probably A) has a high tolerance for ambiguity. B) has a large need for ambiguity. C) has a low tolerance for ambiguity. D) is in the middle ambiguity range. D) is in the middle ambiguity range.

C) has a low tolerance for ambiguity.

Isaiah knows that what his boss has asked him to do is not in the best interest of the company. He also knows that if he does not do what he was asked to do, he will be written up and put on disciplinary action. He decides instead to do what his boss wants, just slower than his boss may have liked. Isaiah is using the principle of A) no brag, just the facts. B) evidence-based management is not just for senior executives. C) if all else fails, slow the spread of bad practice. D) treat your organization as an unfinished prototype.

C) if all else fails, slow the spread of bad practice.

Milena, the vice president of human resources, is working on the problem of restructuring the firm's compensation plan by using the rational model of decision making. In the first step, she identified the problem of pay and incentives not keeping up with market rates. In the second, step she thought of alternative solutions; and, in the third step, she evaluated alternatives and selected a solution. In the fourth and final, step Milena needs to A) do more research to look at types of compensation plans. B) select a contingency plan. C) implement and evaluate the compensation plan chosen. D) determine how costly the solution will be.

C) implement and evaluate the compensation plan chosen.

With the community interested in eating healthy, Karima thought a restaurant centered on her grandmother's Mediterranean-style recipes would be popular. Her decision was uncertain, but it felt "right" to honor her grandmother by opening this restaurant. Karima is enacting A) rational decision making. B) MBO. C) nonrational decision making. D) analytics.

C) nonrational decision making.

Based on what you read in the Management in Action case, which of the following most directly portrays Juul's attempt at exercising evidence-based management? A) suspending all broadcast, print, and digital product advertising in the United States B) cutting ties with the VTA C) relying on more than 110 scientific studies supporting its products D) using AI to modify its vaporizer

C) relying on more than 110 scientific studies supporting its products

When acting upon the advice to organize your decisions into three categories, which type will require the most time and attention? A) quick decisions B) ethical decisions C) strategic decisions D) significant decisions

C) strategic decisions

To ensure a quality group decision, the manager appointed Elijah to the role of devil's advocate in the decision-making process. What is expected of Elijah? A) to encourage wild ideas B) to be the cheerleader C) to be the critic D) to explore opposite positions

C) to be the critic

Lorah is reluctant to adopt AI for her business because her employees might worry about their job security. Which of the following statements is a truthful explanation about how AI benefits businesses? A) Lorah does not need to worry because AI poses no risk. B) Lorah can implement AI cheaply without consulting experts. C) AI is mainly useful for facial recognition. D) AI enhances strategic and day-to-day decision making.

D) AI enhances strategic and day-to-day decision making.

is the idea that proposes that the ability of decision makers to be rational is limited by numerous constraints, such as complexity, time, cognitive capacity, values, skills, habits, and unconscious reflexes. A) Rational decision making B) Nonrational decision making C) Analytics D) Bounded rationality

D) Bounded rationality

is the process of examining data sets in order to draw conclusions about the information they contain. A) Cyber-age research B) Electronic brainstorming C) Data mining D) Data analytics

D) Data analytics

In regard to decision making, which of the following statements reflects what research has found? A) Individuals acting alone always make better decisions than groups. 0 Version 1 26 B) Group decisions are seldom better than individual decisions. C) Groups tend to be less productive than the best individuals working on any specific project. D) Groups make better decisions than most individuals acting alone.

D) Groups make better decisions than most individuals acting alone.

In which scenario do firms see the greatest performance increases? 0 Version 1 35 A) Humans complete all the tasks without any machines or computers. B) Humans perform physical labor and machines are used for customer interactions. C) Machines replace all human employees. D) Humans leverage leadership and teamwork alongside machines that enhance speed.

D) Humans leverage leadership and teamwork alongside machines that enhance speed.

Terrific Tots Preschool just announced that, effective next Monday, its doors will open drop-off time will at 7:00 am instead of the usual 5:30 am. The owner, Jenna, feels it is not cost- effective to open before 7:00 am. In making her decision, was Jenna being sensitive to the families who brought their children to the preschool early? A) Yes, since only a few would be affected, she could assume it would be fine. B) Yes, because most did not need her services that early. C) No, because the families would not understand she was saving money and would not pass the savings onto them. D) No, she did not consider how the people affected may feel about the change.

D) No, she did not consider how the people affected may feel about the change.

is a technique used to predict future outcomes based on historical data and analytics techniques. A) Data mining B) The decision tree Version 1 14 C) Heuristics D) Predictive analytics

D) Predictive analytics

Which of the following reasons makes it hard to be evidence-based? A) Downplay risks and continue on a path. B) Share results with others. C) Try to not be trapped by preconceived notions. D) The evidence doesn't quite apply.

D) The evidence doesn't quite apply.

Despite your best intentions, it's hard to bring the best evidence to bear on your decisions. Why? A) It is too expensive and it's not ethical and there's not enough good evidence. B) It will hurt diversity and synergy within your organization. C) There's no competition or there's too much competition. D) There's too much evidence and there's not enough good evidence.

D) There's too much evidence and there's not enough good evidence.

Sakura, a project manager, has been given a limited amount of money to develop and run a new marketing campaign. Her client wants the campaign ready to roll out in less than two weeks. Sakura is feeling very limited by these constraints and is not sure that it will produce her team's best work. Her supervisor and career mentor, tells Sakura that she is A) feeling the effects of the intuition model. B) experiencing satisficing. C) using rational decision making. D) affected by bounded rationality.

D) affected by bounded rationality.

James and En-Chi are selling their home. They listed their house three months ago at an extremely high selling price, a price they randomly chose. They do not want to reduce the price to reflect what the market shows their home is really worth. James and En-Chi are participants in ________ bias. A) ego B) confirmation C) sunk-cost D) anchoring and adjustment

D) anchoring and adjustment

As his business grows, Kirvo knows his most important business needs are automated business process, data analysis, and customer engagement. What would you recommend to Kirvo to help him? A) electronic brainstorming B) escalation of commitment C) big data D) artificial intelligence

D) artificial intelligence

To make picking orders more efficient, Amazon uses ________ to bring items from all over the warehouse to the packing area and then return the bins to storage. A) predictive analytics B) ethics officers C) whistle-blowers D) autonomous devices

D) autonomous devices

Predictive Health, a fast-growing medical research firm, has accumulated so much patient information that conventional database management systems cannot handle its needs. Therefore, Predictive Health purchased very sophisticated analysis software and supercomputing-level hardware to leverage the power of A) cyber-age databases. B) mega IT. C) super data. D) big data.

D) big data.

Hunter is the R&D manager at a technology company. He started a project for a new operating system that has shown evidence of difficulties in implementation. However, Hunter can't admit that his project will not work, and continues to invest his team's time and budget to the project. Finally, the CEO calls Hunter to her office to ask him to ditch the project and to tell him he suffers from ________ bias. A) overconfidence B) representativeness Version 1 31 C) anchor D) escalation of commitment

D) escalation of commitment

Nikos, the office manager of a large optometrist clinic, recently purchased a used copier. It seems as if Nikos becomes more committed to the copier every time it jams, even though employees are having many troubles with it. Nikos is likely struggling with the ________ bias. A) framing B) hindsight C) anchoring and adjustment D) escalation of commitment

D) escalation of commitment

When Zion wrote the football coach's contract for over two million dollars, he included targets for conference wins and bowl appearances that had to be met before any bonus payments would be released. Zion was trying to avoid ________ bias. A) overconfidence B) hindsight C) framing D) escalation of commitment

D) escalation of commitment

Audrey owns The Daily Dispatch, a small city newspaper, which was started by her great-grandfather and has been passed down through her family. Audrey loves journalism and being a small-business owner, but because so much news is now available online, she has seen the demand for her paper drop steadily. Audrey made a decision to change the original direction of the company and focus more on an Internet news service. Audrey is relying on ________ by demonstrating that managers need to think and act as if their company is an unfinished prototype, Version 1 13 and by seeing her business as outsiders do. A) a decision tree B) a knowledge dilemma C) the knee-jerk reaction theory D) evidence-based decision making

D) evidence-based decision making

Reflecting on your past decisions will prepare you for future decisions by A) encouraging you to create wild ideas. B) identifying the ideas that are too costly. C) enabling you to understand quantity over quality. D) giving you a set of options for solving problems.

D) giving you a set of options for solving problems.

Carson Contractors specialize in ecofriendly construction of large, industrial buildings such as schools, hospitals, and factories. In response to the recent Coronavirus pandemic, Carson Contractors began to focus on construction techniques that minimize the spread of germs, such as improved ventilation, handwashing stations, and spaces with moveable furniture. The germ minimization goal now outweighs the ecofriendly goal, which is an example of A) goal bumping. B) secondary placement. C) satisficing. D) goal displacement.

D) goal displacement.

Tova, a general manager, was explaining to her assistant manager that, "When I make a decision on which employees will do a project, I use three simple factors. I consider their attitude, knowledge, and how hard they work." Tova uses ________ when making a decision. A) biases B) decision steps C) planning model D) heuristics

D) heuristics

An advertising firm wants to begin using AI to sort through lists of customers, verify contact information, and segment names by target demographics. The leaders of the advertising firm know that A) they will no longer need any humans to develop advertisements. B) robotic process automation will cost more than machine learning. C) predictive analytics uses algorithms to explain why last year's sales were low. D) implementation is the biggest AI challenge.

D) implementation is the biggest AI challenge.

Between 2008 and 2018, the ________ quadrupled. A) amount of donations to the ACLU B) rate of small business openings Version 1 32 C) number of unethical decisions made by marketing managers D) number of CEOs fired for ethical lapses

D) number of CEOs fired for ethical lapses

Alonso is preparing for the grand opening of his wild animal sanctuary. He has wants to invite local politicians, animal rights activists, journalists, and his investors to the event. Because of all the important tasks that need done before the grand opening, Alonso cannot spend too much time searching for the best invitation, so he follows the satisficing model by A) ordering high-quality paper and handwriting each invitation. B) reviewing every possible invitation available online and at the local store. C) deciding not to send invitations after all. D) ordering some that seem fairly nice and have animals on them.

D) ordering some that seem fairly nice and have animals on them.

Kade, who manages a hotel, was recently explaining to Deja, a regional manager, his quandary about whether to fire a front desk employee about whom several guests had complained. Kade described, "I first identified the problem as poor customer service, and then I brainstormed several solutions. I evaluated each alternative, and then I implemented my decision Version 1 7 not to fire the employee. Instead I provided him with additional training. Finally, I followed up with an evaluation to see if his customer service skills had improved." Kade is applying the A) employee relations model of evaluations. B) nonrational model of decision making. C) strategic-planning model of leadership. D) rational model of decision making.

D) rational model of decision making.

Last week, Nalani had to fire Logan from his entry-level logistics analyst position. Nalani felt that Logan did not receive proper training at Northernmost University. When Laila, also a graduate of Northernmost University, applied for Logan's old position, Nalani did not want to consider hiring her, feeling Laila also probably did not receive the proper training. Nalani was affected by ________ bias. A) blind B) training C) confirmation D) representativeness

D) representativeness

Haya operates a car dealership, and she has been working to come up with ways to overcome the incredibly high competition her business faces. There are six other dealerships within a one-mile radius. So far, Haya has thought of doing a car giveaway event, adding extended warranties on every new car that is sold, or running advertisements through the mail. Haya is at which stage of the decision-making process? A) identifying the problem B) implementing the solution C) evaluating the solution D) thinking up alternative solutions

D) thinking up alternative solutions

As the manager of a consumer electronics retailer, Dominique understands that evidence- based management is not just for senior executives. Which of these is probably the way that Dominique assigns her employees' schedules? A) Dominique knows that her employees are happy because she lets them set their own schedules, even though she has to cover several shifts each week. B) Each quarter, Dominique awaits directives from her regional supervisor before setting employee schedules. C) Dominique places her newest employees at the customer service desk so they will learn more quickly. D) Dominique uses survey results to ensure her sales staff who score highest on customer satisfaction are scheduled in the times and departments with the most shoppers.

Dominique uses survey results to ensure her sales staff who score highest on customer satisfaction are scheduled in the times and departments with the most shoppers.

The ________ model assumes managers will make logical decisions that are the optimal means of furthering the organization's best interests. A) focused B) analytical C) decision D) classical

classical

Angelina owns a small interior decorating firm. She loves the social aspects of the job, such as meeting potential clients and browsing for new furniture and fabrics, and she loves to take risks. Angelina relies on intuition and discussions with others to acquire information. Angelina utilizes her imaginative strengths, taking a broad perspective to problem solving, and she likes to consider many options and future possibilities. Angelina's decision-making style is best described as A) directive. B) conceptual. C) ambiguous. D) analytical.

conceptual

Based on what you read in the Management in Action case, assume Juul's leadership needs a high tolerance for ambiguity and a high level of people and social concerns. With this in mind, what decision-making style should its CEO utilize? A) behavioral Version 1 36 B) directive C) analytical D) conceptual

conceptual

Max was recently promoted to production manager at a busy boat factory. As a department manager, Max had proven himself to be very efficient, and he had a logical and practical approach to solving problems. Max has a reputation for being decisive and getting things done. Most of the factory's employees like Max, but they feel he exercises too much Version 1 17 control over them. Max most often uses a(n) ________ decision-making style. A) directive B) conceptual C) ambiguous D) behavioral

directive

Warrick has a Bachelor's degree in ethics and human resources, and he has extensive experience working with employees and managers regarding ethics, especially in the area of ethical dilemmas. In his current position he has assisted extensively in determining if the company's decisions are both ethical and lawful. Based on his background, Warrick would probably be ideally suited for the position of A) chairman of the board. B) values specialist. C) decision tree manager. D) ethics officer.

ethics officer

Managers with a low tolerance for ambiguity and an orientation toward task and technical concerns when making decisions have a behavioral decision-making style.

false

Ming-Na, a marketing data analyst with Robust Brews Coffee, was tasked with determining if customers liked the new blond roast blend. According to Robust Brews' sales data, over 4,000 customers purchased the new coffee last month. If Ming-Na surveys 25 of those customers to determine if they like the coffee or not, she will most likely suffer from confirmation bias.

false

When evaluating the alternatives of a decision, managers need to base decisions strictly on cost, quality, and feasibility.

false

DeAndre loves sales because he responds well to the pressure he faces in the many new or uncertain situations he encounters as a salesperson. Because DeAndre has an analytical decision-making style, he probably A) has a low tolerance for ambiguity and a long-term perspective. B) is receptive to suggestions and is people-oriented. C) is efficient, logical, and has a low tolerance for ambiguity. Version 1 16 D) has a high tolerance for ambiguity but struggles to make decisions quickly.

has a high tolerance for ambiguity but struggles to make decisions quickly.

After a week as an executive assistant, Christopher was thinking about quitting. He was dismayed at the ________ shown by his boss, the CEO, who was overconfident and narcissistic. A) hubris B) aesthetic C) bounded rationality D) intuition

hubris

After three summers working for a local landscaping business, Scott suggested that his boss add snow removal as an extra service. With this holistic hunch, Scott was acting on Version 1 12 ________ that snow removal might be a good addition to the service offerings. A) hindsight bias B) minority dissent C) a knee-jerk reaction D) intuition

intuition

Nonrational decision-making models, such as ________, describe how managers sometimes make decisions. A) complexity B) intuition C) competing values D) information overload

intuition

Fatma is certain her new business idea is going to be a success. She is so certain that she ignored the advice of her business professor to conduct a focus group and she invested her life savings to get her business started. Fatma may be experiencing ________ bias. A) overconfidence B) hindsight C) framing D) escalation of commitment

overconfidenceee

are difficulties that inhibit the achievement of goals. For example, the lack of parking may be the main reason why a new restaurant is failing. A) Objectives B) Synergies C) Values D) Problems

problems

As the manager of an office supply store, Raven seems to be constantly confronted with problems. She tries very hard to create alternative solutions and then evaluate them. Often, Raven implements the selected solution, but then another problem arises. She begins to express her frustrations by accusing employees of not fully executing the solution as described in her plan. What style of decision making does Raven use? A) intuitive B) satisficing C) rational D) nonrational

rational

Byron has noticed that, lately, there is less traffic congestion on his commute and that his commute time is shorter. If Byron suffers from confirmation bias, which of these is true? A) Byron spent a lot of money on a fancy new car, so he is more comfortable while driving. B) Byron looks at every other vehicle on the road and classifies it as a vehicle that is ugly or cool. C) Byron's commute was shorter two days this week, but has been longer almost every day of the last month. D) Byron recently started working graveyard shift, and traffic is always lighter at night and in the early morning hours.

yron recently started working graveyard shift, and traffic is always lighter at night and in the early morning hours.