Chapter 6, 7, 8, 9, Quiz

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Based on concepts of proximity and similarity, which of the following saying's is most accurate about successful relationships? A) Sometimes the heart sees what is invisible to the eye B) Birds of a feather flock together C) Absence makes the heart grow fonder D) Opposites attract

C) Absence makes the heart grow fonder

Which of the following would NOT support an evolutionary perspective on romantic partner preferences? A) A man dating an attractive, older woman B) A woman dating an attractive, wealthy man C) A man dating an attractive, younger woman D) A woman dating an unattractive, wealthy man

A) A man dating an attractive, older woman

Which of the following is true about empathy? A) Individuals are capable of feeling another person's emotions or distress B) The effects of empathy on prosocial behavior are similar among in-group and outgroup members C) It has not been found to emerge in humans until after age three D) It is much more of a genetic than a socially-learned trait

A) Individuals are capable of feeling another person's emotions or distress

Kelly is a lifeguard at the local community pool. Suddenly, she notices that someone might be having a problem in the pool. What steps must Kelly quickly complete to decide whether or not she will help this person in the event they are struggling in the water? A) She notices something unusual, decides the event is likely an emergency, accept that she is responsible for helping, determine if she has the necessary skills required to help, make the decision to help B) She notices something unusual, looks around to see if the other guards are attentive to the situation, wait to see if someone else will help first, based on other people's actions she will either help or not C) There are no necessary steps, it's her job to help people without thinking about it too much D) She is leaving to take her break, it's someone else's problem now so she won't address the situation

A) She notices something unusual, decides the event is likely an emergency, accept that she is responsible for helping, determine if she has the necessary skills required to help, make the decision to help

Sam is asked to participate in a quick study with a group of other students. Unbeknownst to Sam, the other students are all assistants to the experimenter. They are presented with three different images of vehicles, a pick-up truck, a Toyota Camry and a Corvette. They are then asked which car is a sports car suitable for racing. The other students respond first and all choose the Toyota Camry. Based on Asch's (1951,1955) research Sam is most likely to choose which car? A) The Toyota Camry B) None, Sam is unlikely to believe any of these cars are suitable choices C) The pick-up truck D) The Corvette

A) The Toyota Camry

You are looking to buy a used car and notice that the salesman keeps saying "Uhhh," before answering your question and looks away. His behavior is most likely indicative of what? A) deception B) affective forecasting C) cognitive dissonance D) negotiatio

A) deception

Max has low self-esteem but high interpersonal trust. He likes being in a relationship and is clingy to his partner for fear of eventually being rejected. Max probably has a/an __________ attachment style. A) fearful B) avoidant C) secure D) anxious-ambivalent

A) fearful

Research suggests that the proportion of similarity suggests that the _________ the proportion of similarity between two people, the _________the likelihood there will be for liking and attraction. A) higher; greater B) lower; greater C) equivalent; lower D) greater; lower

A) higher; greater

If people endorse ____________ they are more likely to blame victims of assault for getting harmed because they believe that bad things happen to bad people. A) just world beliefs B) empathic joy C) negative-relief practices D) liberal presidential candidates

A) just world beliefs

According to Fiedler, which of the following is NOT and important aspect of a leader's effectiveness in leading a group? A) motivational influence B) leader-member relations C) task structure D) position power

A) motivational influence

Research by Asch (1946) indicates that we tend to form impressions of other people by A) perceiving the whole person and how their traits relate to each other B) evaluating how different they are from us C) bringing them to a social event D) adding together their individual observed traits

A) perceiving the whole person and how their traits relate to each other

Mary is going to a job interview for a job that she feels somewhat apathetic towards. However, she needs a form of income, so even though she is not overly thrilled at the prospect of the job what is she likely to do for her interview based on the concept of conformity? A) Act uninterested and disrespect the interviewer B) Not go to the interview at all and not call to cancel C) Dress professionally and behave politely D) Roll out of bed and go to the interview without putting any effort into her appearance

C) Dress professionally and behave politely

Hans and Rita had a whirlwind courtship and are now in a shallow relationship with commitment and passion, but without intimacy. They are exhibiting which type of love according to Sternberg's model? A) Fatuous love B) Infatuation C) Empty love D) Romantic love

B) Infatuation

Based on research conducted by Baron and Miller (2000) which of the following individuals is most likely to be donating bone marrow? A) Ivan, a Russian travel agent B) Kim, a Chinese college student C) Anna, an Italian model D) Dave, an American business owner

B) Kim, a Chinese college student

It is a nice evening in Fort Collins so John decides to walk to a café in Old Town to study for an exam. Along the way, he thinks he may be seeing an older man being mugged, but it is dark, making it difficult to see and no one else seems to be reacting to the situation. Based on the concept of pluralistic ignorance, what is the likely outcome for this situation? A) John stops to see if the man is not being harrassed B) Nobody does anything except continue what they were already doing C) A group of strangers decide to check out the situation to make sure the man is alright D) Several people call the police

B) Nobody does anything except continue what they were already doing

_________, __________, and _________ are all external factors that influence attraction. A) Emotions, cognitions, physical attractiveness B) Proximity, physical attractiveness, similarity C) Prosocial behavior, self-assessment, intuition D) Cognitive Dissonance, personal history, conformity

B) Proximity, physical attractiveness, similarity

People often conform to current demands of a situation and at times these conforming behaviors can be negative and even detrimental to the well-being of others. These events have been demonstrated in examples such as the Stanford Prison Experiment, Abu Ghraib and the Holocaust. What would Stanford Psychologist Philip Zimbardo say is the main influence for why people may behave in negative ways and that contradict the way people think they would usually behave? A) People will obey the demands of authority figures B) Situational cues have a very strong influence over people's behavior C) Behavior is often unpredictable and we have no way of knowing what people might do D) Some people are just bad

B) Situational cues have a very strong influence over people's behavior

Joe is required to take a physical education course to complete high school, but he has been putting it off because he has never had much success in sports. As a child he participated in soccer, baseball and volleyball games, but was always picked last and was never expected to contribute much. Because of Joe's experiences he thinks that he will perform poorly in all aspects of his P.E. course. This is indicative of what type of attribution? A) internal B) global C) external D) unstable

B) global

The _________ suggests that frequent contact with a certain stimulus, regardless of type of interaction, will lead to an overall favorable opinion towards that stimulus. A) personal closeness model B) mere exposure effect C) narcissism effect D) role of physical attraction

B) mere exposure effect

People have a variety of reasons for conforming to the expectations of others. Two possible explanations for conformity include ________, which suggests that people want to be liked and accepted and __________, which suggests that people conform because they want to be perceived as accurate. A) descriptive norms, injunctive norms B) normative social influence, informational social influence C) compliance, obedience D) informational social influence, normative social influence

B) normative social influence, informational social influence

Which of the following has been found to reduce helping behavior? A) familial relationship between the people involved B) personal distress C) reciprocity D) guilt

B) personal distress

Shelly is trying to teach her dog, Spot, to roll over. When Spot rolls over on Shelly's command he is given a treat. When Spot ignores Shelly's commands to roll over, she responds quickly by hitting him with a newspaper on the back. Spot is well aware that Shelly is in charge based on her behaviors. Providing Spot with a treat is an example of ______________ and hitting Spot is an example of __________ . A) coercive power; reward power B) reward power; coercive power C) expert power; legitimate power D) legitimate power; referent power

B) reward power; coercive power

Helping usually involves some kind of trade-off between ___________ and _____________. In general, it is likely that ___________ will prevent us from helping if there is no personal benefit to us. A) Self-concern; other-concern; other-concern B) self-concern; other-concern; self-concern C) Out-group support; monetary compensation; self-concern D) Other-concern; cultural affiliation; other-safety

B) self-concern; other-concern; self-concern

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the findings from Milgram's studies on obedience? A) Results indicate that participants who administered "shocks" did not do so because of aggressive tendencies. B) Another researcher recently replicated the study and found almost identical results to those in Milgram's original study C) Results similar to those in the original study were found in several different countries other than the United States D) 35% of participants showed total obedience by going through the entire series of shocks to the final 450-volt level in the original study

D) 35% of participants showed total obedience by going through the entire series of shocks to the final 450-volt level in the original study

Out of the following examples who is least likely to conform? A) Mary, an 8-year-old girl B) Denise, a 72-year-old woman C) Scott, an 18-year-old man D) Dave, a 47-year-old man

D) Dave, a 47-year-old man

Regarding mood and prosocial behavior, research has found that: A) There is no empirical link between mood and prosocial behavior B) Only positive moods are associated with increased prosocial behavior C) Only negative moods are associated with increased prosocial behavior D) Positive moods can both increase and decrease prosocial behavior

D) Positive moods can both increase and decrease prosocial behavior

Jan is about to meet her new roommate, Sarah, with whom she has a mutual friend, Karen. Jan asks Karen to tell her about Sarah; which piece of information is Jan most likely to remember? A) Sarah is quiet after 10 pm B) Sarah does not leave her laundry in the dryer after it has finished C) Sarah always cleans her dishes after eating D) Sarah regularly cheats on her boyfriend with strangers

D) Sarah regularly cheats on her boyfriend with strangers

Which of the following is NOT a research-supported condition under which minority (a smaller group) succeeds in influencing a majority (a larger group)? A) When a minority group demonstrates a degree of flexibility B) When a minority group argues for a position that is consistent with current social trends C) When a minority group is consistent in its opposition to majority opinions D) When a minority group appears rigid and dogmatic

D) When a minority group appears rigid and dogmatic

Which of the following has been found to decrease positive reactions on the part of a person being helped? A) When both the person helping and the recipient of help have equal social statuses B) When the person being helped is of a higher social status than the helper C) When the person being helped believes the helper has positive feelings about helping D) When receiving help implies that the recipient is unable to care for himself

D) When receiving help implies that the recipient is unable to care for himself

Dr. Philip Zimbardo would support the claim made by which of the following statements A) The environment is always the best predictor for behavior B) The environment has no influence on behavior C) Previous behavior will always predict future behavior regardless of the environment D) When the environment is overwhelming it will influence behavior regardless of moral beliefs

D) When the environment is overwhelming it will influence behavior regardless of moral beliefs

The process for seeking information and drawing inferences about why a person behaves a certain way is known as.... A) implicit association B) interpersonal reactivity C) introspection D) attribution

D) attribution

Humans show nearly universal preferences for people whose faces are all but which one of the following? A) younger B) highly symmetrical C) highly average D) highly unique

D) highly unique

Humans show nearly universal preferences for people whose faces are all but which one of the following? A) younger B) highly symmetrical C) highly average D) highly unique

D) highly unique

According to the self-serving bias, personal success is often attributed to ___________ and failures are attributed to __________. A) dedication; motivation B) external factors; internal factors C) cognitive factors; behavior D) internal factors; external factors

D) internal factors; external factors

Social perception is an involved process because we rely on _________ to understand others A) nonverbal communication, attribution, impression formation and management B) cohesiveness, norms and stereotypes C) singlism, explicit association, and exposure D) the planning fallacy, proportion of similarities and the balance theor

D) nonverbal communication, attribution, impression formation and management

Kim and Alex are best friends and are not afraid to share personal or embarrassing stories with each other because they talk regularly and trust that their conversations are in confidence between them. Over time, both Kim and Alex have learned that they can trust and rely on one another to be supportive in good times and bad. We can assume Kim and Alex have a close relationship because of ____________. A) physical attraction B) mere exposure C) habit D) reciprocal self-disclosure

D) reciprocal self-disclosure

We have positive stereotypes towards attractive people and often attribute positive qualities to them, regardless of whether or not they actually possess these qualities. This is known as: A) the role of interpersonal attraction B) the two-factor theory of emotion C) an injunctive norm D) the physical attractiveness stereotype

D) the physical attractiveness stereotype

Each of the following components is part of the covariation principle except _____________. A) consistency B) consensus C)distinctiveness D) uniqueness

D) uniqueness

Tracy and Phil have been dating for several months and have been sexually intimate together. They have decided not to use condoms or birth control because they believe that having unprotected sex will not result in any pregnancy or STDs because they are monogamous. Tracy and Phil are likely experiencing which of the following concepts? A) learned helplessness B) normative social influence C) the planning fallacy D) unrealistic optimism

D) unrealistic optimism

Which of the following is NOT supported by Latane and Darley's model of helping? A)People must feel that they are competent to help in a situation if they are going to act B) If there are multiple people present, a person needing help is less likely to receive help than if one other person is present at the time. C) Even if people to do not feel competent in their abilities, they are still likely to help someone, but only if the event is an emergency D) The social situation can influence our decision to help

C) Even if people to do not feel competent in their abilities, they are still likely to help someone, but only if the event is an emergency

_____________ is most likely to occur when negative traits are seen as internal, stable and global. A) Self-regulation B) Actor-observer effect C) Learned helplessness D) Functional fixedness

C) Learned helplessness

Jealousy tends to occur at some point in intimate relationships. Which of the following statements is correct regarding jealousy and infidelity in relationships? A) Both men and women tend to focus on sexual infidelity more than emotional infidelity B) Overall women tend to be more jealous than men C) Men are more concerned with sexual infidelity and women are more concerned with emotional infidelity D) Women are more with sexual infidelity and men are more concerned with emotional infidelity

C) Men are more concerned with sexual infidelity and women are more concerned with emotional infidelity

_____________ would suggest that it is advantageous to help your friend if they ask for help moving, because they are likely to return a favor in the future. A) The empathic joy hypothesis B) Competition C) Reciprocal altruism D) Determinism

C) Reciprocal altruism

Your attractive friend, Karen, asks you for some advice about asking her crush out on a date. Based on the studies conducted by Dutton & Aron (1974) and White et al (1981) when is the best time that Karen should ask for a date? A) When her crush is sipping tea in a cafe B) When Karen is in a good mood C) When Karen is done working out at the gym D) When her crush is done working out at the gym

C) When Karen is done working out at the gym

With regard to gender differences in susceptibility to conformity, research indicates that: A) Men may be slightly more likely to conform than women due to innate, biological differences B) Women may be slightly more likely to conform than men due to innate, biological differences C) Women may be slightly more likely to conform than men due to gender roles and stereotypes in society D) Men may be slightly more likely to conform than women due to gender roles and stereotypes in society

C) Women may be slightly more likely to conform than men due to gender roles and stereotypes in society

______ occurs when people alter their behavior or attitudes so that they reflect appropriate social guidelines and _______ happens when one person obeys the demands of another person. A) obedience; conformity B) symbolic social influence; compliance C) conformity; obedience D) compliance; conformity

C) conformity; obedience

Research on impression formation indicates that in general, we... A) form inaccurate (worse than chance) first impressions of others, quickly B) form accurate (better than chance) first impressions of others, quickly C) form inaccurate (worse than chance) first impressions of others, slowly D) form accurate (better than chance) first impressions of others, slowly

C) form inaccurate (worse than chance) first impressions of others, slowly

While driving to the store, you are cut-off by another driver who speeds ahead of you. You think to yourself, "that man is a terrible driver!" instead of considering that the man's wife may be in labor and he is rushing her to the hospital. Your quick judgment about the man's driving ability is an example of.... A) impression management B) self-serving bias C) the fundamental attribution error D) action identification

C) the fundamental attribution error

Anne is walking to class and she trips and falls. She thinks that her ankle may be fractured and needs help getting up and collecting her books that she dropped. When are Anne's chances for being helped the best? A) Five people are walking along the same path and one of those five people saw her fall B) Four people are walking along the same path and all of them see her fall C)One other person is walking on the same path and saw her fall D) There are a lot of people walking around and several of them saw her fall

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