Chapter 6

What are the 2 layers of the integument system?

epidermis and dermis

the hair follicle surrounds the hair _______

root

waterproof protective covering composed of sebum and slougphed off cells

vernix caseosa

sweat is composed of 99% ______ and 1% of other chemicals such as electrolytes, salts, and waste products (urea)

water

potential complications of a wound under repair include ______ loss and _________

water, infection

cholececalciferol is also called vitamin ______

D3

the active form of vitamin D

calcitrol

what tissue is the dermis made of?

dense irregular connective tissue

nerve fibers in the skin monitor sensory receptors in the ______ and _______

epidermis, dermis

layer of embryonic cells that develops into the dermis

messenchyme

______ nerve fibers control blood flow and gland secretion

motor

dome shaped lesions filled with white blood cells, dead skin cells and bacteria

pustule

the major functions of merocrine sweat glands are ________ and __________ and ___________

secretion, protection, thermoregulation

because skin can absorb some substances and block others it is called ________ permeable

selectively

coiled, tubular glands are _______ glands that secrete that produce cloudy, sticky, secretion that bacteria love to feed on producing an odor

apocrine

in the dermis of the skin, _______ fibers impart tensile strength while ______ fibers allow some stretch

collagen, elastic

a sebaceous gland's ducts plugged with sebum

comedo

another name for the skin is the _________ membrane

cutaneous

what is another name for integument besides skin?

cutaneous membrane

the first 2 superficial strata of integument system contain living or dead cells?

dead

because an entire portion of skin has been lost, and water can't be retained in the area, a major concern for 3rd degree burns is ________

dehydration

in addition to keratinocytes, the stratum spinosum also contains another epidermal cell type called epidermal ______ cells. These cells are ______ cells that help fight the invasion of microbes.

dendtric, immune

as a result of aging sweat production _________

diminishes

in the second step of wound healing, a blood clot temporarily patches the ______ of the wound together and acts as a barrier to prevent the entry of _______ into the body

edges, pathogens

the substances that make sweat feel gritty are water _____ and _______

salts, urea

sebaceous glands produce an oil called ________

sebum

______ nerve fibers detect pressure, vibration and cold

sensory

epidermal dendritic cells are found in the stratum ______ and stratum _______

spinosum, granulosum

_______ cell carinoma is restricted to sun exposed areas of the skin

squamous

deep to the dermis is what layer of the integument?

subcutaneous layer

major functions of merocrine sweat glands are secretion, protection and _________

thermoregulation

friction ridges assume the shapes of complex arches and whorls in _______ skin

thick

the release of water vapor from sweat glands when we are not sweating is a process called ________

transpiration

a possible description of skin's form and function include, barrier, self-renewing, and indicator of health: true or false

true

in first degree burns, the healing time averages about 3-5 days, and typically no scarring results. true or false

true

the thickness of integument ranges between ____ mm and ______ mm

1.5, 4

cut blood vessels bleed into the wound is the ______ stage of wound healing

1st

migration of a keratinocyte from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum takes about _______ weeks

2

a blood clot forms and prevents pathogens from entering and leukocytes clean the wound is the ______ stage of wound healing (inflammatory phase)

2nd

blood vessels regrow and granulation tissue forms is the ______ stage of wound healing (proliferative phase)

3rd

keratinocytes of the epidermis are usually present for about ______ weeks

4

epithelium regenerates and connective tissue fibrosis occurs (remodeling phase) is the _____ stage of wound healing

4th

integument is between _____ % and ______% of human body weight

7, 8

active phase of hair growth is the ______ phase

anagen

_____ glands are found in axillae, around nipples, and groin

apocrine

______ cell carcinoma is the most common form of skin cancer

basal

in the 4th step of wound healing the stratum ______ regenerates as the epidermis is regenerated

basale

in the first step of wound healing, cut blood vessels release _________ into the wound

blood

in the nails the lunula appear whitish because a thickened stratum basale obscures the underlying _______

blood vessels

brief regression phase of hair growth where cell division ceases is called the ______ phase

catagen

waterproof earwax that traps foreign material is called _______

cerumen

________ glands are modified merocrine glands located in the external acoustic meatus

ceruminous

the cells of a hair follicle's walls are organized into 2 principle concentric layers an outer _______ tissue root sheath, and an inner _______ tissue root sheath

connective, epithelial

layers of stratum layers in order from the most superficial layer are: stratum _______, stratum _______, stratum _______, stratum ________ and stratum _______

corneum, lucida, granulosum, spinosum, basale

in thick skin, the layers of epidermis that contain dead keratinocytes are the stratum _______ and stratum ________

corneum, lucidum

a fluid filled nodule that can become severely inflamed and painful and can lead to scarring

cyst

the ______ is deep to the epidermis and ranges between 0.5-3.0 mm in thickness

dermis

sebaceous glands are most abundant on the _______ and ________

face, scalp

in the third step of wound healing, _______ produce new collagen in the region

fibroblasts

the term for the process of scar tissue forming is _______

fibrosis

this process occurs when organ is too damaged to repair, and a gap is filled with scar tissue composed primarily of collagen produced by fibroblasts

fibrosis

which strata layer contains epidermal dendritic cells: strata _______

granulosum

in thin and thick skin the layers that contain living cells are stratum ________, stratum _________ and stratum _________

granulosum, spinosum, basale

some integumentary system components are not repaired following damage; these include _______ follicles, ________ glands, _______ cells and muscle fibers

hair, exocrine, nerve

Some structures are not repaired following damage: ______ follicles, _______ glands, _______ cells, and _____ _____ muscle cells

hair, exocrine, nerve, arrector pili

the amount of melanin in the skin is determined by both _______ and ______ exposure

heredity, sun

sebaceous glands are _______ glands that produce sebum usually discharged into a hair follicle and onto hair itself

holocrine

the subcutaneous layer is also known as the _________ or superficial fascia

hypodermis

the loss of fluid by evaporation through the stratum corneum is called ________ perspiration

insensible

to infold or insert a structure within itself

invaginated

the cells of the stratum corneum contain large amounts of the protein _________

keratin

within the stratum granulosum begins a process called _______ by which the keratinocytes fill up with the protein _______

keratinization, keratin

what tissue is the epidermis made of?

keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium

the deeper 3 layers of strata are composed of what living cells

keratinocytes

modified apocrine glands of the breast are called _______ glands

mammary

gray hair results from the gradual reduction of ______ production within the hair follicle, while white hair signifies the lack of _______ entirely

melanin, melanin

most deadly type of skin cancer is called malignant ________

melanoma

most numerous glands found in the body

merocrine

layer of cells covering the developing embryonic epithelium

periderm

in the third step of wound healing, the cut blood vessels ________ and grow in the wound

regenerate

replacement of damaged cells to restore organ function is called _______

regeneration

the 2 ways tissues are repaired are ______ and _______

regeneration, fibrosis

damaged tissues are normally repaired one of two ways: ________ and ________ formation

regeneration, scar

sweat produced by merocrine glands is described as ______ perspiration, which is responsible for cooling our skin

sensible

this layer of skin acts as an energy reservoir, protects the body, and provides thermal insulation

subcutaneous layer

sweat glands are also called ________ glands

sudoriferous

thick skin houses ______ _______ but has no ______ follicles or _______ glands

sweat glands, hair, sebaceous

thin skin has ______ glands, _______ follicles, and ________ glands

sweat, hair, sebaceous

the skin houses 2 types of exocrine glands: _________ glands and _______ glands

sweat, sebaceous

resting phase of hair growth when hair is shed is the ______ phase

telogen

lines of cleavage are also called _______ lines

tension

in the first step of wound healing, the blood brings clotting proteins, white blood cells and antibodies. true or false

true

the subcutaneous layer is made of ________ tissue and _______ connective tissue

areolar, adipose