Chapter 6

Difficulty: Moderate Correct choice: A According to the age complexity hypothesis, a(n) _________ search task would present the greatest challenge to a normally-aging older adult.

Conjunction

An older adult's ability to drive may be affected by which normal age-related changes in vision?

Greater sensitivity to glare

Research from the Institute of Highway Safety shows that older drivers in the U.S. faced with the challenge of making a left-hand turn while driving in a busy intersection are most likely to experience which outcome?

Having an accident

The brain's default network, which processes internally-generated stimuli, includes which structure?

Hippocampus

A factor in the driving behavior of older adults is that, compared to younger adults, they are more likely to:

Know how to react in an emergency

Research on videogame training in young adults shows that these games have the effect of improving:

attentional control.

Crowded intersections pose a particular risk for older adults not only because of the many cars, but because they often have:

confusing signs

During working memory tasks, older adults have difficulty ____________ the brain's default network, meaning that they are less able to focus on incoming information.

deactivating

While you are at rest, the brain's ____________ is at work, processing information that you generate internally.

default network

Difficulty: Moderate Correct choice: C Students don't always like it when their professors ask them not to text or go on Facebook during class, saying it doesn't affect their comprehension of class material. However, based on the research it's fair to say that:

everyone performs more poorly after multitasking, though older adults are more affected than young adults

Based on research reported by Ramscar and his colleagues, __________can account as much for age differences in a number of cognitive tasks as can the aging process itself.

experience

According to research on _____________ memory, older adults are able to remember distinctive historical events as well as do younger adults.

flashbulb

Research examining the relationship between memory and stress found that people who experience daily stresses, regardless of age, also are likely to:

have memory problems on the days they were stressed.

Researchers have established that when older adults are given an _______ memory test, or one in which they don't know they're being tested, they perform as well as young adults.

implicit

According to the __________hypothesis about the effects of aging on attention, older adults take longer to respond because they are unable to ignore distracting or interfering stimuli:

inhibitory deficit

In an n-back task, used to assess working memory, participants are asked to:

name earlier items presented in a series

Older adults who eat a diet that includes food rich in ____________ are likely to experience some cognitive benefits.

omega-3

According to research on stereotype threat, when older adults are made to feel aware of their age in a memory study, they will:

perform more poorly than otherwise.

Both older adults and older monkeys showed that they could remember over a 2-year period how to perform a task involving ____________ memory, in which they slid a small metal nut off a rod.

procedural

Although you may not realize it right now, the years of your late adolescence and early adulthood are likely to be best remembered by you in the future due to the phenomenon known as:

reminiscence bump

Older adults who have a low sense of memory ________________, the feeling that they cannot perform well on a memory test, are likely to have poorer scores when their memory is actually tested.

self-efficacy

Vocabulary, factual information, and historical knowledge fall into the category of ____________ memory, a process not affected by aging.

semantic

Unlike younger adults, neither middle-aged nor older individuals show a benefit to memory of having a greater amount of _______ sleep:

slow-wave

Making older adults conscious about their age during a memory test is likely to trigger the condition known as _____________ in which their performance actually becomes worse.

stereotype threat