Chapter 6:

Which statement BEST expresses the relationship between emotional regulation and emotional control? Emotional control is a different process than emotional regulation. Emotional control is one type of emotional regulation. Emotional regulation is one type of emotional control. Emotional control is synonymous with emotional regulation.

Emotional control is synonymous with emotional regulation.

In a replication of the Marshmallow experiment, what was the determining factor in whether the child delayed gratification? Whether the gender of the adult matched the gender of the child. The gender of the adult who asked them to delay. Having a reliable adult. Having two marshmallows to wait for instead of just one.

Having a reliable adult.

Tommy is 5 years old, and he likes to help his father rake the leaves in the yard. Although Tommy's father is often tired at the end of the day, he never fails to reinforce Tommy's efforts with a "Good job!" Based on Erikson's theory, Tommy is likely to develop: an industrious work ethic. a sense of autonomy. a tendency toward initiative. a general sense of trust.

a tendency toward initiative.

In which of Diana Baumrind's parenting styles are parents more likely to use physical punishment? authoritative expressive authoritarian permissive

authoritarian

Joan's mom and dad believe that parents know best. They expect Joan to obey all parental rules without question and are quick to impose stern punishments if she does not. With respect to the caregiving styles discussed in the textbook, Joan's parents are: permissive. authoritarian. authoritative. neglectful.

authoritarian.

Children who master _____ have learned when and how to express emotions. behavioral control emotional development behavioral regulation emotional regulation

emotional regulation

_______ refers to a true understanding of the feelings and of another person. aggression antipathy sympathy empathy

empathy

A student who works hard to achieve good grades for the sole purpose of pleasing their parents would be said to have: a secondary drive. intrinsic motivation. an audience drive. extrinsic motivation.

extrinsic motivation.

Spanking is more likely to occur among each of these EXCEPT: conservative Christians mothers families living in the southern United States fathers

fathers

Culture dictates _____ differences, whereas biology determines _____ differences. genitalia; sex sexuality; gender gender; sex sex; gender

gender; sex

Research on intrinsic motivation contends that: if an intrinsic reward stops, the behavior may stop unless it is now extrinsically rewarded. if an extrinsic reward stops, the behavior may stop unless it has become a habit if an intrinsic reward stops, the behavior may stop unless it has become a habit. if an extrinsic reward stops, the behavior will stop regardless of motivation.

if an extrinsic reward stops, the behavior may stop unless it has become a habit.

Laws limiting the number of baby aspirins per container are an example of __________ prevention. tertiary primary secondary unitary

primary

Which type of play appears first in Parten's progression of social play? solitary onlooker parallel associative

solitary

The level of prevention aimed to reduce harm when a child has already been abused is: tertiary unilateral secondary primary

tertiary

Mel's birth sex was female. Today, as a young adult, Mel feels that they are a man and that their gender identity is masculine. Mel is BEST described as: transgender. gender binary. cisgender. a lesbian.

transgender.

How does behavioral theory explain gender differences? Gender roles are learned as a result of ongoing reinforcement and punishment, as well as social learning. Gender roles are the result of children's gender schema. Gender roles develop as a result of unconscious conflict. Gender differences are the result of the human need to be attracted to one another to reproduce.

Gender roles are learned as a result of ongoing reinforcement and punishment, as well as social learning.

How does evolutionary theory explain gender differences and sex role development? Unconscious drives and conflicts lead to gender differences. Children learn appropriate sex roles through modeling, rewards, and punishment. Gender roles are the result of children's understanding of sex differences. Gender roles develop as a result of males and females attempting to attract each other in order to reproduce.

Gender roles develop as a result of males and females attempting to attract each other in order to reproduce.

Rocky and Zayn frequently engage in wrestling, chasing, and other types of rough-and-tumble play. Which is NOT a benefit they receive from this type of play? It helps them to rehearse social roles. It stimulates development of the prefrontal cortex. It enhances emotional regulation. It strengthens their bodies.

It helps them to rehearse social roles.

_____ prevention refers to actions that avert harm in a high-risk situation, such as stopping a car before it hits a pedestrian. Secondary Primary Overall Tertiary

Secondary

In which country do parents tell their children to not be afraid? Japan Mexico United States Netherlands

United States

In the Unites States, accidents kill more children that: influenza cancer malnutrition all other causes combined

all other causes combined

Matt's parents tell him, "I don't care whether you want to wash the dishes, you will do so because I said so!" This statement is MOST representative of a(n) _____ parenting style. authoritarian permissive authoritative neglectful

authoritarian

Sociodramatic play requires all of these EXCEPT: pretending exploring social roles pretending and exploration of social roles. being able to control playmates.

being able to control playmates.

Gender similarities outweigh gender differences in: the brain and behavior, but not in the body. body, brain, and behavior. the body and the brain, but not in behavior. behavior, but in neither the brain nor the body.

body, brain, and behavior.

Jerry deliberately harmed his child by hitting him with a belt. A social worker would BEST describe what Jerry did as: substantiated maltreatment. child neglect. child abuse. child maltreatment.

child abuse.

A goal of permanency planning in cases of substantiated child maltreatment is to: provide abusive parents a fair opportunity to reform. find a long-term living situation. clear the backlog of cases pending before family-law courts. keep the biological family intact.

find a long-term living situation.

Rough-and-tumble play has been associated with all of these EXCEPT: Stimulating development of the prefrontal cortex. enhancing emotional regulation. increasing the risk for injury. allowing children to practice intrapersonal skills.

increasing the risk for injury

Play and interaction with peers provides all of these EXCEPT: role models competition an audience independence

independence

As they play, Adrian knocks Devon to the ground to get a toy. Adrian is likely demonstrating: reactive aggression bullying aggression relational aggression instrumental aggression

instrumental aggression

Ty's mother is frustrated that he will not spend the time on his schoolwork that he does practicing and playing baseball. Ty will spend hours practicing in the hot sun every summer day without a coach telling him to do so. Ty's dedication to baseball can be explained by _____ motivation. external internal intrinsic extrinsic

intrinsic

Displaying deliberate prosocial or antisocial behavior requires a child to have all of these EXCEPT: increased interaction with peers. emotional regulation. lack of awareness of actions brain maturation

lack of awareness of actions

Emotional regulation differs between all of these EXCEPT: countries. lower-and-middle-class families. ethnicities. ages.

lower- and middle-class families

_________ is the impulse that propels someone to act. determination punishment temperament motivation

motivation

Child _____ is defined as the failure to meet a child's basic physical, educational, or emotional needs. harm neglect maltreatment abuse

neglect

Sophia is a kindergartner. Her parents often do not prepare any food for her when she is at home. This is an example of child: harm. abuse. neglect. punishment.

neglect

Thomas and Marta are indifferent toward their children and unaware of what is going on in their children's lives. Thomas and Marta are _____ parents: neglectful/uninvolved. authoritarian. permissive. authoritative.

neglectful/uninvolved.

Cara and Deanna are sitting side-by-side, playing with dolls. Each girl is talking to herself. Cara and Deanna are engaged in _____ play. onlooker solitary parallel associative

parallel

The disciplinary technique of induction is used when: a child sits in a chair apart from others for one minute per year of the child's age. parents hit, spank, slap, or use some other form of physical action to get the child to behave. parents threaten the withdrawal of their love to compel children to behave. parents talk with their child, trying to get the child to understand why their behavior is wrong.

parents talk with their child, trying to get the child to understand why their behavior is wrong.

Janine is an adult who is unhappy and lacks self-control. According to some longitudinal research, she may have had parents who would be labeled _____ by Diana Baumrind. permissive authoritarian authoritative expressive

permissive

Sheam believes their children can do no wrong and they should be allowed to develop without interference. Accordingly, they accept whatever they do without control or discipline. Their parenting style could be BEST described as: permissive authoritarian authoritative neglectful

permissive

A European nation bans a particular food additive linked in some research to brain cancer. The ban is an example of _____ prevention. secondary primary unitary tertiary

primary

Mrs. Abraham is putting policies in place at her factory to make injuries less likely. This is an example of ______ prevention. primary secondary tertiary loss

primary

Five-year-old Emmy is convinced that she would have no problem climbing to the top of an extremely tall tree at her cousin's house. This unrealistic estimate of her abilities reflects: protective optimism. initiative. self-esteem. self-concept.

protective optimism.

A primary-prevention measure to reduce child abuse would be to: jail the perpetrator have social workers make a home visit. provide parenteral education and income support remove the child from the home.

provide parenteral education and income support

Play that mimics aggression, but with no intent to harm, is called: rough-and-tumble. chase-and-attack. solitary. parallel.

rough-and-tumble.

Andrew is a teacher, and he watches for signs of child maltreatment and intervenes before situations can get worse. This is an example of _____ prevention. primary secondary tertiary holistic

secondary

Bobby and Lara are avid gun collectors. They make certain to store their firearms in locked cases to prevent accidental injury to their children. This precaution is an example of ______ prevention. secondary primary quaternary tertiary

secondary

Each time they get into the car, Kristen puts her baby into an approved child safety seat, following all of the relevant instructions. This is an example of _____ prevention. unitary tertiary secondary primary

secondary

Leo is 4 years old. He knows that he has a penis and that his dad does, too. The biology of Leo and his father are reflective of their: sex. gender. sexuality. Oedipus complex.

sex.

Ari, Harley, and Wilson are playing a game about dragons and knights. It is their job as the noble knights to slay the evil dragons. They are engaging in _____ play. onlooker parallel sociodramatic rough-and-tumble

sociodramatic

Of Mildred Parten's five stages of play, which did she believe is the LEAST advanced? onlooker parallel solitary associative

solitary

A family is investigated for child maltreatment after a report by a neighbor. They are found to have been abusive and neglectful of their two children. The children are subsequently removed from the home and placed in foster care. This is a case of _____ maltreatment. reported suspected substantiated neglected

substantiated

Calling an ambulance for a suspected opiate overdose is an example of _____ prevention. primary secondary tertiary unitary

tertiary

A 4-year-old girl states, "When I grow up, I'm going to marry Daddy." According to Sigmund Freud, this is evidence of: the superego. the Electra complex. the Oedipus complex. abnormal behavior.

the Electra complex.

The term gender differences refers to: the biological differences between males and females. an attempt to defend one's self-concept by taking on the behaviors and attitudes of someone else. the culturally prescribed differences in the roles and behaviors of males and females. the unconscious desire of young boys to replace their father and win their mother's love.

the culturally prescribed differences in the roles and behaviors of males and females.

Baumrind identified _____ parenting styles. two four three five

three

Kyle is 3 years old. Anytime he attempts to play with his sister's dolls or in her play kitchen, he is scolded by his parents and given toy trucks and sports equipment instead. This example of punishment and rewards meant to instill gender roles is reflective of _____ theory. cognitive psychoanalytic behaviorist evolutionary

behaviorist