Chapter 6 A&P Bone Tissue
bone remodeling
ongoing replacement of old bone tissue by new bone tissue
bone resorption
the removal of minerals and collagen fibers from bone by osteoclasts
epiphyseal plate
a layer of the hyaline cartilage that allows the diaphysis of the bone to grow in length; found in the metaphysis
osteoblast
bone building cells that synthesize and secrete collagen fibers needed to build the extracellular matrix of bone tissue
metaphysis
(between) regions between the diaphysis and epiphyisis; contains a epiphyseal plate
diaphysis
(growing between) part of the long bone that is the bones shaft or body/ main portion of the bone
epiphysis
(growing over) part of the long bone, the proximal and distal end of the bone
periosteum
(round) surrounds the external bone surface wherever it is not covered by articular cartilage
central Haversian canal
A circular channel running longitudinally in the center of the osteon of mature compact bone; contains lymphatic vessels and blood and nerves
medullary (marrow) cavity
A hollow cylindrical space within the diaphysis that contains fatty yellow bone marrow in adults
perforating Volkmann's canals
A minute passageway by means of which blood vessels and nerves from the periosteum penetrate into the compact bone
calcification
Process when mineral salts are deposited into the framework formed by the collagen fibers of the extracellular matrix, they crystallize and the tissue hardens
osteon (Haversian system)
The basic unit of structure in adult compact bone; consisting of a central haversian canal
ossification
The process by which bone forms
homopoiesis
The process of blood cell production in the bone marrow
compact bone
The strongest form of bone tissue; contains few spaces
osteology
The study of bone structure and the treatment of bone disorders
interstitial lamellae
areas between the osteons that are fragments of older osteons that have been partially destroyed during the bone rebuilding or growth
lamella
concentric rings of hard calcified extracellular matrix found in the compact bone
red bone marrow
connective tissue that produces red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets
yellow bone marrow
consists of adipose cells which store triglycerides
bone scan
diagnostic procedure where a radioactive tracer compound is absorbed into the bone, and a scanning device determines if there is damage to the bones
spongy bone
does not contain osteons, consists of lamellae and trabeculae
appositional growth
growth at the outer surface
interstitial growth
growth from within
osteoclast
huge cells derived from the fusion of monocytes; which are concentrated in the endosteum
circumferential lamellae
lamella that encircle the bone just beneath the periosteum or encircle the medullary cavity
osteocyte
mature bone cells; main cells in the bone tissue
endosteum
part of the long bone that is a thin membrane that lines the internal bone surface facing the medullary cavity
intermembranous ossification
process of ossification where bone forms directly within the mesenchyme arranged in sheet like layers that resemble a membrane
endochondral ossification
process of ossification where bone forms within hyaline cartilagethat develops from from mesenchyme
concentric lamellae
rings of extracellular matrix, like rings of a tree trunk
canaliculi
small channels that are filled with extracellular fluid that radiate in all directions around the lacunae
lacuna
small spaces that contain osteocytes
bone deposition
the addition of minerals and collagen fibers to bone by osteoblasts
perforating (Sharpey's) fibers
thick bundles of collagen fibers that extend from the periosteum into the extracellular bone matrix
articular cartilage
thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the part of the epiphysis where the bone forms an articulation (joint) with another bone