Chapter 6 A&P Bone Tissue

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bone remodeling

ongoing replacement of old bone tissue by new bone tissue

bone resorption

the removal of minerals and collagen fibers from bone by osteoclasts

epiphyseal plate

a layer of the hyaline cartilage that allows the diaphysis of the bone to grow in length; found in the metaphysis

osteoblast

bone building cells that synthesize and secrete collagen fibers needed to build the extracellular matrix of bone tissue

metaphysis

(between) regions between the diaphysis and epiphyisis; contains a epiphyseal plate

diaphysis

(growing between) part of the long bone that is the bones shaft or body/ main portion of the bone

epiphysis

(growing over) part of the long bone, the proximal and distal end of the bone

periosteum

(round) surrounds the external bone surface wherever it is not covered by articular cartilage

central Haversian canal

A circular channel running longitudinally in the center of the osteon of mature compact bone; contains lymphatic vessels and blood and nerves

medullary (marrow) cavity

A hollow cylindrical space within the diaphysis that contains fatty yellow bone marrow in adults

perforating Volkmann's canals

A minute passageway by means of which blood vessels and nerves from the periosteum penetrate into the compact bone

calcification

Process when mineral salts are deposited into the framework formed by the collagen fibers of the extracellular matrix, they crystallize and the tissue hardens

osteon (Haversian system)

The basic unit of structure in adult compact bone; consisting of a central haversian canal

ossification

The process by which bone forms

homopoiesis

The process of blood cell production in the bone marrow

compact bone

The strongest form of bone tissue; contains few spaces

osteology

The study of bone structure and the treatment of bone disorders

interstitial lamellae

areas between the osteons that are fragments of older osteons that have been partially destroyed during the bone rebuilding or growth

lamella

concentric rings of hard calcified extracellular matrix found in the compact bone

red bone marrow

connective tissue that produces red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets

yellow bone marrow

consists of adipose cells which store triglycerides

bone scan

diagnostic procedure where a radioactive tracer compound is absorbed into the bone, and a scanning device determines if there is damage to the bones

spongy bone

does not contain osteons, consists of lamellae and trabeculae

appositional growth

growth at the outer surface

interstitial growth

growth from within

osteoclast

huge cells derived from the fusion of monocytes; which are concentrated in the endosteum

circumferential lamellae

lamella that encircle the bone just beneath the periosteum or encircle the medullary cavity

osteocyte

mature bone cells; main cells in the bone tissue

endosteum

part of the long bone that is a thin membrane that lines the internal bone surface facing the medullary cavity

intermembranous ossification

process of ossification where bone forms directly within the mesenchyme arranged in sheet like layers that resemble a membrane

endochondral ossification

process of ossification where bone forms within hyaline cartilagethat develops from from mesenchyme

concentric lamellae

rings of extracellular matrix, like rings of a tree trunk

canaliculi

small channels that are filled with extracellular fluid that radiate in all directions around the lacunae

lacuna

small spaces that contain osteocytes

bone deposition

the addition of minerals and collagen fibers to bone by osteoblasts

perforating (Sharpey's) fibers

thick bundles of collagen fibers that extend from the periosteum into the extracellular bone matrix

articular cartilage

thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the part of the epiphysis where the bone forms an articulation (joint) with another bone


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