chapter 6 A&P I ( Bone tissue)

What is a lacuna?

A space within the matrix in which you would find a cell

Interstitial growth

Chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix, expanding cartilage from within bone grow in length

describes the zone of cell hypertrophy in an epiphyseal plate?

Chondrocytes in this zone are no longer dividing, but are enlarging; there is a thinning of lacunae walls.

chondrocytes

Chondrocytes produce and maintain the cartilaginous matrix. Osteoblasts are bone forming cells.

What is the role of vitamin C in skeletal development?

Collagen synthesis by osteoblasts requires vitamin C

Which of the following describes the lacunae of osseous tissue?

Spaces between lamellae that contain osteocytes

What is rickets?

Vitamin D deficiency in children

osteoclasts

are bone-producing cells. Osteoclasts break down bone plays an important role in bone remodeling

osteocytes

are mature bone cells found within lacunae of compact bone

Osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts are all examples of

bone cells

Lamellar

bone is remodeled from woven bone and its matrix is arranged in distinct layers or sheets known as lamellae.

In spongy bone, the spaces between trabeculae are filled with

bone marrow

Epiphyseal plate

cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton

diaphysis

center portion or shaft of a long bone

An osteon can best be described as

central canal and all the concentric lamellae that surround it

The channel extending through the center of an osteon is called

central canale

Bleeding at the site of a bone fracture results in the formation of hematoma. Usually the blood in a hematoma forms a _

clot

Which osseous tissue is found at the surface of all bones?

compact

Bone tissue comprised of osteons (Haversian systems)

compact, dense, or cortical

articular

covers the ends of long bones

Lamellar bone is loosely organized and its matrix is randomly arranged.

false

blood mass

hematoma

Appositional growth

increase in bone thickness increase in size of bones.

By weight, mature bone matrix is mostly

inorganic material

osteoclast

is the type of bone break down bone matrix and release calcium into the blood when the level of calcium falls

Bone tissue consists of extracellular bone

matrix and bone cells

The hollow space within the diaphysis of a long bone is called the

medullary or marrow cavity

Endosteum

membranous lining of the hollow cavity of the bone

zone of resting cartilage

nearest the epiphysis and contains randomly arranged chondrocytes that do not divide rapidly

Mature bone matrix is composed of ______ material like collagen and proteoglycans and ______ material like hydroxyapatite.

organic, inorganic

PTH is secreted by

parathyroid gland and regulates blood calcium levels.

low blood calcium level stimulates the release

parathyroid hormone

Hematopoietic

pertaining to the formation of blood cells

endochondral ossification

process in which bone forms by replacing cartilage occurs in Fibrous membranous sheet long bone

central or Haversian canal

runs through the core of center of osteon, contains small blood vessels and nerve fibers and blood vessles

Zone of cell proliferation

the epiphyseal plate are chondrocytes multiplying and aligning into longitudinal columns of flattened lacunae

Medullary cavity

the hollow space within the diaphysis of a long bone

What is the perichondrium?

(Peri=around)=A covering of dense irregular connective tissue. Surrounds the surface of most cartilage.

Describe the overall composition of bone tissue

Bone consists of bone cells and matrix. The bones cells create the matrix, which is constantly being maintained and replaced.

Bone formation associated with cartilage is called ______ ossification while bone formed in connective tissue membranes is called _____ ossification.

Endochondral, Intramembranous

In adults, what is the remnant of the epiphyseal plate called?

Epiphyseal line

central canal

Hollow canals in the center of osteons

Which type of cartilage serves as a precursor for most bones and plays an important role in bone repair and elongation?

Hyaline cartilage

Where does bone formation occur during endochondral ossification?

Hyaline cartilage model

osteoblasts

Immature bone cells that produce the organic bone matrix Bone-forming cells that produce and package matrix collagen and proteoglycans

What effects can be attributed to increased pressure on a bone? Select all that apply.

Increased osteoblast activity Electrical charge changes

mature bone cells found within lacunae of compact bone called?

Osteocytes

Which of the following surrounds cartilage?

Perichondrium

bone remodeling

Process involving bone formation and destruction in response to hormonal and mechanical factors.

intramembranous ossification

Produces flat bones of skull and clavicle bones arise from embryonic connective tissue membranes

describes osteomalacia?

The softening of the bones in adults due to calcium depletion

osteon

The structure of compact bone that consists of a central canal and all the concentric lamellae that surround it is called a Haversian system

calcification zone

The zone of the epiphyseal plate that is composed of enlarged chondrocytes and calcified cartilage matrix Minerals are deposited between the columns of lacunae

Canaliculi

Tiny canals radiating from the osteocytes

Epiphyseal

a break at the location of the growth plate, which can affect growth of the bone epiphysis separates from the diaphysis along the epiphyseal plate the shaft of long bone to which tendons and ligaments attach

Osteoclasts become active when

blood calcium levels are low

connective tissue lining internal surfaces of bones is

endosteum

The process of bone formation is called

ossification

Two terms which describe the process of bone formation are

ossification and osteogenesis

the three bone cells

osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes

Bone tissue comprised of trabeculae is called

spongy bone

The type of bone that is composed of small columns of bone loosely arranged in a grid-work pattern is known as ____

spongy bone

Flat bone

thin and curved bone; serves as a point of attachment for muscles and protects internal organs bone contains an interior framework of spongy bone sandwiched between two layers of compact bone