Chapter 6 bio photosynthesis and the Calvin cycle
What important gas is released when water is split
Oxygen
Write the equation for the splitting of water
2H20---> 4H+ + 4e- + O2
Write the balanced equation for photosynthesis
6H2O + 6CO2 ---> C6H12O6 + 6O2
What are the light r actions of plants and in what organelle do they occur
ATP, NADPH, and oxygen: chloroplast in the thylakoids
The _____ cycle is the second set of photosynthesis reactions that uses energy stored in _____ and _______ to make ____ compounds
ATP; NADPH; organic
______ or energy for a cell is synthesized during the light reactions in a process called ______
ATP; chemiosmosis
The light reactions start when _____ pigments absorb ____
Accessory ; light
Name several autotrophic organisms
Algae, green plants
What would happen if the electrons lost from photosystem 2 weren't replaced
Both chains would stop and photosynthesis wouldn't happen
Carbon atoms from ___ are "fixed" into organic compounds in the Calvin Cycle in a process called carbon _____
CO2 ; fixation
Absorbed light is passed to a pair of ____ pigment molecules in photo system ___
Chlorophyll a ; 2
Name the most important chloroplast pigment and tell the two most important types of this pigment
Chloroplast ; a&b
What is a biochemical pathway and give an example
Complex series of chemical reactions ; light reactions
What is a photo system
Each cluster of pigment molecules and the proteins that the pigment molecules are embedded in
What are the chemicals called that pick up these freed electrons and where are they located
Electron acceptors "; thylakoid membrane
All organisms require ____ to carry out their life functions
Energy
These electrons lose ____ as they are passed through a series of molecules called the ______ ______ chain
Energy "; electron transport
When light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll a molecules, what happens to its electrons?
Entered a higher energy level
PGA is converted into _____, ADP, _____ and phosphate
G3P ; NADP+
Carbohydrates made from PGAL in the Calvin cycle include the monosaccharides ______ and _______ the disaccharide _______ and polysaccharides such as ____, ______ and ______
Glucose ; fructose; sucrose ; cellulose; starch ; glycerin
Thylakoid sacs in the chloroplasts are called
Grana
What organisms release and stored energy from organic compounds through cellular respiration
Heterotrophs
Once these electrons become excited they have enough energy to do what?
Leave the chlorophyll a molecule
Chlorophyll is most abundance in the ___of a plant, while accessory pigments appear more in the ____ and fruits
Leaves; flowers
Photosystem 1 chlorophyll molecules are absorbed ____ and it's electrons eventually combine with _____ to form NADP+
Light; a proton
During photosynthesis, the energy from the sun is stored within ____ mainly the sugar___
Organic compounds : glucose
Name the two type of photosystems
Photosystems 2 and 1
What organisms can carry on photosynthesis
Plants, Protists
___ is the ultimate energy of all life on earth
Sun
What is visible spectrum
The resulting array of colors, ranging from red to violet(wave of wavelength)
What are pigments ! What is their function
They are compounds And they absorb light
What gas is used by autotrophs and what has is produced
Carbon dioxide; oxygen
Name another accessory pigment and tell what colors it includes. When could you see these colors?
Carotenoids: Yellow, orange, and brown: you can see them during fall
The _____ and _____ pigments are grouped into clusters in the Thylakoid membrane
Chlorophyll ; carotenoids
Only ______ is directly in capturing light energy
Chlorophyll a
Is red light reflected or absorbed by an object if the object appears red to your wyes
Reflected
What 3 things can happen to light that strikes an object
Reflected, transmitted, absorbed by the object
Carbon dioxide combines with ____ to make two molecules of _____
RuBP ; 3GPA
What gel-like solution surrounds the they lagoons inside the chloroplasts
Storma
In what part of the chloroplast does the Calvin Cycle occur?
Stroma
Flatted sacs in the chloroplast are known as ____and are _____to eachother
Thylakoids ; connected
___ provides the replacement electrons from photosystem 2 when water is ____
Water; split