Chapter 6 bio photosynthesis and the Calvin cycle

What important gas is released when water is split

Oxygen

Write the equation for the splitting of water

2H20---> 4H+ + 4e- + O2

Write the balanced equation for photosynthesis

6H2O + 6CO2 ---> C6H12O6 + 6O2

What are the light r actions of plants and in what organelle do they occur

ATP, NADPH, and oxygen: chloroplast in the thylakoids

The _____ cycle is the second set of photosynthesis reactions that uses energy stored in _____ and _______ to make ____ compounds

ATP; NADPH; organic

______ or energy for a cell is synthesized during the light reactions in a process called ______

ATP; chemiosmosis

The light reactions start when _____ pigments absorb ____

Accessory ; light

Name several autotrophic organisms

Algae, green plants

What would happen if the electrons lost from photosystem 2 weren't replaced

Both chains would stop and photosynthesis wouldn't happen

Carbon atoms from ___ are "fixed" into organic compounds in the Calvin Cycle in a process called carbon _____

CO2 ; fixation

Absorbed light is passed to a pair of ____ pigment molecules in photo system ___

Chlorophyll a ; 2

Name the most important chloroplast pigment and tell the two most important types of this pigment

Chloroplast ; a&b

What is a biochemical pathway and give an example

Complex series of chemical reactions ; light reactions

What is a photo system

Each cluster of pigment molecules and the proteins that the pigment molecules are embedded in

What are the chemicals called that pick up these freed electrons and where are they located

Electron acceptors "; thylakoid membrane

All organisms require ____ to carry out their life functions

Energy

These electrons lose ____ as they are passed through a series of molecules called the ______ ______ chain

Energy "; electron transport

When light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll a molecules, what happens to its electrons?

Entered a higher energy level

PGA is converted into _____, ADP, _____ and phosphate

G3P ; NADP+

Carbohydrates made from PGAL in the Calvin cycle include the monosaccharides ______ and _______ the disaccharide _______ and polysaccharides such as ____, ______ and ______

Glucose ; fructose; sucrose ; cellulose; starch ; glycerin

Thylakoid sacs in the chloroplasts are called

Grana

What organisms release and stored energy from organic compounds through cellular respiration

Heterotrophs

Once these electrons become excited they have enough energy to do what?

Leave the chlorophyll a molecule

Chlorophyll is most abundance in the ___of a plant, while accessory pigments appear more in the ____ and fruits

Leaves; flowers

Photosystem 1 chlorophyll molecules are absorbed ____ and it's electrons eventually combine with _____ to form NADP+

Light; a proton

During photosynthesis, the energy from the sun is stored within ____ mainly the sugar___

Organic compounds : glucose

Name the two type of photosystems

Photosystems 2 and 1

What organisms can carry on photosynthesis

Plants, Protists

___ is the ultimate energy of all life on earth

Sun

What is visible spectrum

The resulting array of colors, ranging from red to violet(wave of wavelength)

What are pigments ! What is their function

They are compounds And they absorb light

What gas is used by autotrophs and what has is produced

Carbon dioxide; oxygen

Name another accessory pigment and tell what colors it includes. When could you see these colors?

Carotenoids: Yellow, orange, and brown: you can see them during fall

The _____ and _____ pigments are grouped into clusters in the Thylakoid membrane

Chlorophyll ; carotenoids

Only ______ is directly in capturing light energy

Chlorophyll a

Is red light reflected or absorbed by an object if the object appears red to your wyes

Reflected

What 3 things can happen to light that strikes an object

Reflected, transmitted, absorbed by the object

Carbon dioxide combines with ____ to make two molecules of _____

RuBP ; 3GPA

What gel-like solution surrounds the they lagoons inside the chloroplasts

Storma

In what part of the chloroplast does the Calvin Cycle occur?

Stroma

Flatted sacs in the chloroplast are known as ____and are _____to eachother

Thylakoids ; connected

___ provides the replacement electrons from photosystem 2 when water is ____

Water; split