chapter 6 biology

What is the reason that a modern electron microscope (TEM) can resolve biological images to the subnanometer level, as opposed to tens of nanometers achievable for the best super-resolution light microscope?

Electron beams have much shorter wavelengths than visible light and more energy.

Which of the following produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted?

Golgi apparatus

What is the function of the nuclear pore complex found in eukaryotes?

It regulates the movement of proteins and RNAs into and out of the nucleus.

Gaucher disease is the most common of lipid storage diseases in humans. It is caused by a deficiency of an enzyme necessary for lipid metabolism. This leads to a collection of fatty material in organs of the body including the spleen, liver, kidneys, lungs, brain, and bone marrow. Using your knowledge of the structure of eukaryotic cells, identify the statement below that best explains how internal membranes and the organelles of cells would be involved in Gaucher disease.

The lysosomes lack sufficient amounts of enzymes necessary for the metabolism of lipids.

Cilia and flagella bend because of

a motor protein called dynein

In plant cells, the middle lamella

allows adjacent cells to adhere to one another

All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except

an endoplasmic reticulum.

Thylakoids, DNA, and ribosomes are all components found in

chloroplasts

Which of the following contain the 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules, consisting of nine doublets of microtubules surrounding a pair of single microtubules?

flagella and motile cilia

Plasmodesmata in plant cells are most similar in function to which of the following structures in animal cells?

gap junctions

The extracellular matrix is thought to participate in the regulation of animal cell behavior by communicating information from the outside to the inside of the cell via which of the following?

integrins

Asbestos is a material that was once used extensively in construction. One risk from working in a building that contains asbestos is the development of asbestosis caused by the inhalation of asbestos fibers. Cells will phagocytize asbestos, but are not able to degrade it. As a result, asbestos fibers accumulate in

lysosomes

Cyanide binds with at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide will be found within the

mitochondria

Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?

mitochondrion

Suppose a cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from

nearly any eukaryotic organism

A cell with a predominance of free ribosomes is most likely

primarily producing proteins in the cytosol

Vinblastine, a drug that inhibits microtubule polymerization, is used to treat some forms of cancer. Cancer cells given vinblastine would be unable to

separate chromosomes during cell division

A cell with an extensive area of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is specialized to

synthesize large quantities of lipids

Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and becoming clogged with very large, complex, undigested lipids. Which cellular organelle must be involved in this condition?

the lysosome

Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell?

vacuole