chapter 6 biology
What is the reason that a modern electron microscope (TEM) can resolve biological images to the subnanometer level, as opposed to tens of nanometers achievable for the best super-resolution light microscope?
Electron beams have much shorter wavelengths than visible light and more energy.
Which of the following produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted?
Golgi apparatus
What is the function of the nuclear pore complex found in eukaryotes?
It regulates the movement of proteins and RNAs into and out of the nucleus.
Gaucher disease is the most common of lipid storage diseases in humans. It is caused by a deficiency of an enzyme necessary for lipid metabolism. This leads to a collection of fatty material in organs of the body including the spleen, liver, kidneys, lungs, brain, and bone marrow. Using your knowledge of the structure of eukaryotic cells, identify the statement below that best explains how internal membranes and the organelles of cells would be involved in Gaucher disease.
The lysosomes lack sufficient amounts of enzymes necessary for the metabolism of lipids.
Cilia and flagella bend because of
a motor protein called dynein
In plant cells, the middle lamella
allows adjacent cells to adhere to one another
All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except
an endoplasmic reticulum.
Thylakoids, DNA, and ribosomes are all components found in
chloroplasts
Which of the following contain the 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules, consisting of nine doublets of microtubules surrounding a pair of single microtubules?
flagella and motile cilia
Plasmodesmata in plant cells are most similar in function to which of the following structures in animal cells?
gap junctions
The extracellular matrix is thought to participate in the regulation of animal cell behavior by communicating information from the outside to the inside of the cell via which of the following?
integrins
Asbestos is a material that was once used extensively in construction. One risk from working in a building that contains asbestos is the development of asbestosis caused by the inhalation of asbestos fibers. Cells will phagocytize asbestos, but are not able to degrade it. As a result, asbestos fibers accumulate in
lysosomes
Cyanide binds with at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide will be found within the
mitochondria
Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?
mitochondrion
Suppose a cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from
nearly any eukaryotic organism
A cell with a predominance of free ribosomes is most likely
primarily producing proteins in the cytosol
Vinblastine, a drug that inhibits microtubule polymerization, is used to treat some forms of cancer. Cancer cells given vinblastine would be unable to
separate chromosomes during cell division
A cell with an extensive area of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is specialized to
synthesize large quantities of lipids
Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and becoming clogged with very large, complex, undigested lipids. Which cellular organelle must be involved in this condition?
the lysosome
Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell?
vacuole