Chapter 6 - Mastering Bio Study Guide

We inhale O2 and we exhale CO2. Carbon dioxide is produced __________.

in the reaction that creates acetyl CoA (coenzyme A) from pyruvate

A molecule that functions as the electron donor in a redox reaction

loses electrons, becomes oxidized

Oxidation is the ________ of electrons , and reduction is the ________ of electrons.

loss gain

A scientist wants to study the enzymes of the citric acid cycle in eukaryotic cells. What part of the cell would she use as a source of these enzymes?

mitochondrial matrix

In the electron transport chain, the final electron acceptor is

oxygen

The final electron acceptor of cellular respiration is _____.

oxygen

In oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are passed from one electron carrier to another. The energy released is used to __________.

pump protons (H+) across the mitochondrial membrane

After glycolysis but before the citric acid cycle,

pyruvate is oxidized

Where does glycolysis occur in a eukaryotic cell?

cytoplasmic fluid

What is the source of the energy that produces the chemiosmotic gradient in mitochondria?

electrons

During redox reactions

electrons are lost from one substance and added to another substance

In the citric acid cycle (also called the Krebs cycle), ATP molecules are produced by _____.

substrate-level phosphorylation

Oxidative phosphorylation could not occur without glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, because _____.

these two stages supply the electrons needed for the electron transport chain

For each glucose that enters glycolysis, _____ NADH enter the electron transport chain.

10

During glycolysis, a molecule of glucose is partially oxidized. What is the net gain of ATP and NADH for each glucose molecule during this chemical pathway?

2 ATP 2 NADH

In preparing pyruvate to enter the citric acid cycle, which of the following steps occurs?

A compound called coenzyme A binds to a two-carbon fragment.

During chemiosmosis,

ATP is synthesized when H+ ions move through a channel in ATP synthase.

DNP is a chemical that has been used by people to lose weight. However, it is a dangerous option and has caused several people to die. DNP works in a fashion similar to that of brown fat. Based on this information, how would DNP cause weight loss and death?

DNP must increase metabolism of food by producing heat instead of ATP.

In the absence of oxygen, cells need a way to regenerate which compound?

NAD+

At the end of the citric acid cycle, most of the energy remaining from the original glucose is stored in

NADH

Cellular respiration completely breaks down a glucose molecule through glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. However, these two processes yield only a few ATPs. The majority of the energy the cell derives from glucose is _____.

NADH & FADH2

During electron transport, energy from _____ is used to pump hydrogen ions into the _____.

NADH & FADH2 inter-membrane space

What enters the citric acid cycle (also called the Krebs cycle)?

acetyl CoA

What is NOT a product of the citric acid cycle (also called the Krebs cycle)

acetyl CoA

The electron transport chain is a series of electron carrier molecules. In eukaryotes, where can this structure be found?

inner mitochondrial membrane

The proximate (immediate) source of energy for oxidative phosphorylation is _____.

kinetic energy that is released as hydrogen ions diffuse down their concentration gradient

In muscle cells, fermentation produces _____.

lactate and NAD+

In cellular respiration, glucose _____ electrons, where as oxygen _____ electrons.

loses gains

Where do the reactions of the citric acid cycle occur in eukaryotic cells?

mitochondrion

In cellular respiration, most ATP molecules are produced by _____.

oxidative phosphorylation