Chapter 6 PrepU Questions - Values, Ethics, and Advocacy

A nurse is involved in ethical decision-making. Place the steps in the order that the nurse will follow to achieve an ethical decision. Use all options.

1. Describe the situation and factors associated with the ethical problem. 2. Clarify that the issue is ethical in nature. 3. Identify options and explore short- and long-term consequences. 4. Make the decision. 5. Determine the effectiveness of the decision and implications for the future.

A charge nurse has implemented staff education on nursing values. The nurse would determine that further education is required when which statement(s) are overheard? Select all that apply. A. "I can't believe the client is giving that precious baby up for adoption." B. "The gonorrhea test was positive. That's what the client gets for sleeping around." C. "If that was my mother, I sure wouldn't agree to a no-code." D. "If you are going to have extramarital sex, please protect yourself by using a condom." E. "Smoking has been shown to be a risk for many illnesses, including heart disease and cancer."

A. "I can't believe the client is giving that precious baby up for adoption." B. "The gonorrhea test was positive. That's what the client gets for sleeping around." C. "If that was my mother, I sure wouldn't agree to a no-code."

A nurse volunteers to serve on the hospital ethics committee. Which action should the nurse expect to take as a member of the ethics committee? A. Assist in decision making based on the client's best interests. B. Decide the care for a client who is unable to voice an opinion. C. Convince the family to choose a specific course of action. D. Present options about the type of care.

A. Assist in decision making based on the client's best interests.

A nurse is providing care to a client with end-stage cancer. After weighing the alternatives, the client decides not to participate in a clinical trial offered and is requesting no further treatment. The nurse advocates for the client's decision based on the understanding that the client has the right to self-determination, interpreting the client's decision as reflecting which ethical principle? A. Autonomy B. Beneficence C. Justice D. Fidelity

A. Autonomy

Which theory of ethics prioritizes the nurse's relationship with clients and the nurse's character in the practice of ethical nursing? A. Care-based ethics B. Deontology C. Utilitarianism D. Principle-based ethics

A. Care-based ethics

A nurse's friend states, "I admire you so much. I would love to be a nurse, but I don't think I have the courage." Which response will the nurse make? A. "You don't have to be courageous to be a nurse." B. "You can work on being more courageous as you learn to be a nurse." C. "I'm not courageous at all." D. "It is more important to be smart than it is to be courageous."

B. "You can work on being more courageous as you learn to be a nurse."

Which ethical principle refers to the obligation to do good? A. Fidelity B. Beneficence C. Veracity D. Nonmaleficence

B. Beneficence

A parent teaches a child not to drink and drive; however, the parent does drink and drive. This action results in: A. conflict with society. B. a failure to model one's own values. C. insecurity and a lack of safety. D. a disruption in consistency.

B. a failure to model one's own values.

Which statement by the nurse is an example of deception? A. "I will administer your pain medication as soon as it is due." B. "It is important to get out of bed to prevent pneumonia." C. "This injection of procaine will feel like a little pinch." D. "I am going to teach you how to give yourself insulin."

C. "This injection of procaine will feel like a little pinch."

A client aged 83 years who has suffered a cerebrovascular accident and is unable to swallow refuses the insertion of a feeding tube. The nurse communicates the client's wish to the family and health care team. This is an example of what ethical principle? A. Nonmaleficence B. Veracity C. Autonomy D. Justice

C. Autonomy

A client diagnosed with cancer has met with the oncologist and is now weighing whether to undergo chemotherapy or radiation for treatment. This client is demonstrating which ethical principle in making this decision? A. Beneficence B. Confidentiality C. Autonomy D. Justice

C. Autonomy

Which nursing situation is an example of an ethical dilemma? A. Administering pain medication as ordered B. Transferring a client to a step-down unit C. Deciding whether to perform cardiac compressions against a client's wishes D. Discussing care of a comatose client with the family

C. Deciding whether to perform cardiac compressions against a client's wishes

Ethical distress is: A. being aware of the principles of right and wrong. B. supporting the rights of a client during hospitalization. C. knowing the correct action but being unable to perform it due to constraints. D. having trouble deciding which of two conflicting ethical principles to follow.

C. knowing the correct action but being unable to perform it due to constraints.

A hospice nurse is caring for a client with terminal cancer. The family would like the client to continue aggressive therapy to treat the cancer, but the client has voiced to the nurse that no further pursuit of treatment is desired. The nurse speaks to the family about the client's wishes, condition, and terminal state. This action is most likely derived from which nursing obligation? A. Legal responsibilities B. Nursing education principles C. Advanced practice licensure guidelines D. Ethical principles

D. Ethical principles

What is likely to have the greatest influence on an adolescent's formation of values during this developmental stage? A. School administration B. Work C. Awareness of other cultures D. Peers

D. Peers

Which action would cause a charge nurse to have concerns about a nurse's moral agency? A. The nurse often must stay after shift change to complete documentation. B. A family member complained that the nurse was slow answering call lights. C. The nurse was unable to pass a required dosage calculation examination. D. The nurse was seen at a grocery store after calling in sick.

D. The nurse was seen at a grocery store after calling in sick.

The unit where a nurse works is undergoing structural changes along with changes in client load and managerial style. The nurse feels disorganized and stressed and is having difficulty sleeping. The nurse wonders if these feelings are related to the changes at work. What next step should the nurse choose in the 4A plan to address this issue? A. Acting to make a change B. Committing to self-care C. Analyzing the risks and benefits of acting to reduce the distress D. Determining the severity of the distress

B. Committing to self-care

A nurse has completed 4 hours of an 8-hour shift on a medical-surgical unit when the nursing supervisor calls. The nursing supervisor directs the nurse to give a report to the other two nurses on the medical-surgical unit and immediately report to the telemetry unit to assist with staff needs on that unit. The nurse informs the supervisor that the nurse has been busy with client assignments and feels this will overwhelm the nurses on the medical-surgical unit. The supervisor informs the nurse that the need is greater on the telemetry unit. This is an example of which type of ethical problem? A. Allocation of scarce nursing resources B. Advocacy in a market-driven environment C. Conflicts concerning new technology D. Deception

A. Allocation of scarce nursing resources

A nurse believes that abortion is an acceptable option if a pregnancy results from a situation of rape. What is the best description of this belief? A. Personal moral B. Professional value C. Ethical principle D. Legal obligation

A. Personal moral

Which traits are examples of virtues that can exemplify character and conduct as a professional nurse? Select all that apply. A. Trustworthiness B. Humility C. Deception D. Conflict E. Compassion

A. Trustworthiness B. Humility E. Compassion

To practice ethically, the nurse should avoid: A. allowing an ethics committee to guide the nurse's practice. B. reviewing past cases before making decisions about practice. C. allowing the nurse's own personal judgment to guide practice. D. asking the client's family about their views on caring.

A. allowing an ethics committee to guide the nurse's practice.

An oncology client in an outpatient chemotherapy clinic asks several questions regarding care and treatment. The nurse explains the clinic's routine, typical side effects of the chemotherapy, and ways to decrease the number of side effects experienced. Which characteristic is the nurse demonstrating? A. veracity B. fidelity C. justice D. autonomy

A. veracity

A nurse is administering evening medications and notices that a medication was omitted during the day shift. Which statement demonstrates the principle of accountability? A. Administering the medication with the other evening medications B. Telling the client that the medication will be given the following morning C. Filling out an occurrence report and notifying the healthcare provider D. Documenting in the chart a narrative note about the occurrence

C. Filling out an occurrence report and notifying the healthcare provider

Nurses who value client advocacy follow what guideline? A. They value their loyalty to an employing institution or to a colleague over their commitment to their clients. B. They give priority to the good of the individual client rather than to the good of society in general. C. They choose the claims of the client's well-being over the claims of the client's autonomy. D. They make decisions for clients who are uninformed concerning their rights and opportunities.

B. They give priority to the good of the individual client rather than to the good of society in general.

Which scenario is an example of the laissez-faire approach to value transmission? A. Teaching children right from wrong and telling them the reason behind a bad action B. Allowing a child to decide not to have an intravenous line inserted C. Modeling healthy behaviors for teenagers, such as not smoking electronic cigarettes D. Telling a child an injection will feel like a pinch before the nurse gives the injection

B. Allowing a child to decide not to have an intravenous line inserted

A nurse is caring for a client who is a practicing Jehovah's Witness. The health care provider prescribes two units of packed red blood cells based on the client's low hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. The nurse states to the health care provider that it is unethical to go against the client's beliefs even though the client's blood counts are very low. What is the best description of the nurse's intentions? A. Acting in the client's best interest B. Siding with the client over the health care provider C. Observing institutional policies D. Being legally responsible

A. Acting in the client's best interest

Which word is best described as protection and support of another's rights? A. Advocacy B. Paternalism C. Autonomy D. Ethics

A. Advocacy

Which example most accurately depicts the ethical principle of autonomy? A. Describing a surgery to a client before the consent is signed B. Changing a dressing on a wound as needed C. Administering a morning dose of insulin before breakfast D. Transporting a client to a scheduled physical therapy appointment

A. Describing a surgery to a client before the consent is signed

A nurse states to the client that the nurse will keep the client free of pain. However, the client's family wishes to try a treatment to prolong the client's life that may necessitate withholding pain medication. This factor will cause an ethical dilemma for the nurse in relation to which ethical principle? A. Fidelity B. Veracity C. Justice D. Autonomy

A. Fidelity

Which of the following actions most clearly demonstrates a nurse's commitment to social justice? A. Lobbying for an expansion of Medicare eligibility and benefits B. Ensuring that a hospital patient's diet is culturally acceptable C. Answering a patient's questions about her care clearly and accurately D. Documenting nursing care in a timely, honest, and thorough manner

A. Lobbying for an expansion of Medicare eligibility and benefits

A nurse working in a critical care unit has experienced personal tragedy, extreme shortage of staff in the work environment, and health issues. The nurse has overcome much of these hardships and is now mentoring other nurses in similar situations. What behavior is this nurse demonstrating? A. Moral resilience B. Moral distress C. Conscientious objection D. Ethical dilemma

A. Moral resilience

A nurse obtains an order for a bed alarm for a confused client. This is an example of which ethical principle? A. Paternalism B. Deception C. Confidentiality D. Conflict

A. Paternalism

A nurse is acting inappropriately and has an odor of alcohol. This behavior breaches the principle of: A. ethical conduct. B. beneficence. C. fidelity. D. autonomy.

A. ethical conduct.

A nurse reports to the charge nurse that a client medication due at 9 am was omitted. Which principle is the nurse demonstrating? A. Altruism B. Social justice C. Integrity D. Autonomy

C. Integrity

Which is a characteristic of the care-based approach to bioethics? A. The need to emphasize the relevance of clinical experience B. The rightness or wrongness of an action independent of its consequences C. The promotion of the dignity and respect of clients as people D. The need for an orientation toward service

C. The promotion of the dignity and respect of clients as people

A hospital owned by a Catholic order of nuns will not allow tubal ligations to be performed. This is considered to be: A. personal morality. B. personal values. C. institutional policy. D. legal obligation.

C. institutional policy.

A nurse is providing care to an older adult client who was just diagnosed with cancer. The client together with the immediate family discuss their preferences with the health care providers involved. The health care providers offer their clinical recommendations about possible treatments. Ultimately, the group arrives at a decision. The nurse interprets this decision-making process as reflecting which type? A. Clinical B. Paternalistic C. Patient sovereignty D. Shared

D. Shared

A nurse is caring for an older adult who has cancer and is experiencing complications requiring a revision of the plan of care. The nurse sits down with the client and the family and discusses their preferences while sharing the nurse's own judgments based on the nurse's expertise. Which type of healthcare decision making does this represent? A. Ethical decision making B. Paternalistic model C. Client sovereignty model D. Shared decision making

D. Shared decision making