Chapter 6 Quiz
Which substance is a substitute for ninhydrin? A. RAY B. DFO C. RAM D. MRM 10
B. DFO
The FBI's IAFIS became fully operational in: A. 1991 B. 1997 C. 1989 :) D. 1999
D. 1999
What percentage of the population falls into the 1/1 Primary Classification category? A. 30% B. 10% C. 20% D. 25%
D. 25%
Digital imaging is still effective in enhancing latent fingerprints even if details of the print do not exist on the original images. True False
False
It is possible to obscure one's fingerprints by scarring. True False
False
Loops include ridge patterns that are generally rounded or circular and have two deltas. True False
False
RUVIS detects prints by using chemical treatments True False
False
Which person listed below attempted to destroy his fingerprints with corrosive acid? A. Carlo Gambino B. James Gotti C. William West D. John Dillinger
John Dillinger
The pores of the sweat glands are located in the: A. Dermal papillae. B. Skin ridges. C. Friction grooves. D. Dermis.
Skin ridges
A loop must have at least one delta. True False
True
A plain arch is the simplest of all fingerprint patterns. True False
True
After the latent print has been visualized, a photograph must be taken before any further attempts at preservation. True False
True
It is estimated that there are as many as ________ ridge characteristics in an average complete fingerprint. A. 50 B. 200 C. 100 D. 150
150
In the Primary Classification scheme, the left index finger has a potential value of: A. 4 B. 8. C. 16. D. 2
2
The first systematic system of individual classification and identification was introduced by: A. Alphonse Bertillon. B. William Herschel. C. Richard Henry. D. Francis Galton.
A. Alphonse Bertillon
Which step of the ACE-V process requires the examiner to identify any distortions associated with the friction ridges? A. Analysis B. Evaluation C. Comparison D. Verification
A. Analysis
A fingerprint pattern having no delta is a(n): A. Arch. B. Central pocket loop. C. Plain whorl. D. Loop.
A. Arch
Sir Francis Galton, in writing his textbook on fingerprints, built on the groundbreaking work in this area by: A. Fauld B. Henry C. Bertillon D. Vucetich
A. Fauld
Prints that are not readily visible are commonly referred to as: A. Latent. B. Plastic. C. Rolled. D. Open.
A. Latent
The number of deltas found in an arch pattern is ________ the number of deltas found in a loop pattern. A. Less than B. Greater than C. The same as D. not comparable to
A. Less than
The value of ridge patterns in determining the uniqueness of a fingerprint is ________ the value of type and position of ridge characteristics in determining the uniqueness of a fingerprint. A. Less than B. not comparable to C. The same as D. Greater than
A. Less than
If an imaginary line drawn between the two deltas of a whorl pattern touches any of the spiral ridges, the pattern is classified as a(n): A. Plain whorl. B. Accidental. C. Central pocket whorl. D. Central pocket loop.
A. Plain whorl
Prints impressed in a bar of soap are referred to as: A. Plastic. B. Hidden. C. Latent. D. Dusted.
A. Plastic
Which of the following types of fingerprints are more likely to be found impressed in soft wax? A. Plastic B. Visible C. Hidden D. Latent
A. Plastic
Physical developer contains: A. Silver nitrate. B. Iodine. C. Ninhydrin. D. Acrylate.
A. Silver nitrate
In the Primary Classification System, a finger is assigned numerical value if its pattern is a: A. Whorl. B. Loop. C. Arch. D. Ulnar loop.
A. Whorl
Computerized fingerprint search systems match prints by comparing the position of ________ and ________. A. Loops; arches B. Bifurcations; ridge endings C. Minutiae; ridge characteristics D. Ridges; furrows
B. Bifurcations; ridge endings
To permanently alter the fingerprint and produce scars, one must damage the: A. Epidermis. B. Dermal papillae. C. Minutiae. D. Ridges.
B. Dermal papillae
Sublimation occurs with the use of: A. Cyanoacrylate. B. Iodine fuming. C. Laser-print detection. D. Silver nitrate.
B. Iodine fuming
Under which circumstances have two people been found to have identical fingerprints? A. Fraternal twins B. None to date C. Identical twins D. Siamese twins
B. None to date
After successfully visualizing a latent print on an object, an investigator should next: A. Classify the print. B. Take a 1:1 photograph of the print. C. Compare it to the suspect's prints. D. Lift the print with adhesive tape.
B. Take a 1:1 photograph of the print
In which order should chemical treatments to visualize latent prints be performed? 1. Ninhydrin 2. Iodine fuming 3. Physical developer A. 3, 1, 2 B. 1, 3, 2 C. 2, 1, 3 D. 1, 2, 3
C. 2, 1, 3
The fingerprint pattern accounting for only 5% of all known patterns is the: A. Whorl B. Ulnar loop C. Arch D. Radial Loop
C. Arch
The most commonly encountered ridge characteristics (used by AFIS) are the: A. Ridge crossing and short ridge. B. Bifurcation and trifurcation. C. Bifurcation and ridge ending. D. Ridge ending and island.
C. Bifurcation and ridge ending
AFIS is a(n): A. Computer system programmed to analyze hair. B. Method used to determine age of a latent print. C. Computerized system for storing and retrieving fingerprint records. D. Assay technique used to identify drugs.
C. Computerized system for storing and retrieving fingerprint records
A chemical method used for developing prints on nonporous surfaces is: A. Ninhydrin. B. Physical developer. C. Fuming with cyanoacrylate. D. DFO.
C. Fuming with cyanoacrylate
Which of the following is NOT true about digital imaging? A. It produces an image composed of pixels. B. Once the image is produced, it can be manipulated and enlarged. C. It is a process in which a picture is converted into a digital file. D. It does not allow for the simultaneous comparison of two prints.
C. It does not allow for the simultaneous comparison of two prints
A point-by-point comparison of a fingerprint's ________ must be demonstrated in order to prove identity. A. Pattern B. Classification C. Minutiae D. Protein composition
C. Minutiae
The image produced from a digital file is composed of numerous square electronic dots called: A. Cubic millimeters. B. Bytes. C. Pixels. D. Screen elements.
C. Pixels
Which is NOT considered a porous surface? A. Cardboard B. Paper C. Tile D. Cloth
C. Tile
Livescan images of fingerprints: A. Are captured when the subject's fingers and palms are placed onto a glass platen. B. Have eliminated the need for inked prints on paper cards. C. Are sent to the AFIS database electronically. D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which statement is true of a partial fingerprint? A. Any print is sufficient for identification as long as there is enough to identify its basic pattern. B. At least 75% of the pattern must be present for identification. C. It must show at least a little of all ten fingers. D. Any print can identify a criminal if it shows an adequate number of ridge characteristics.
D. Any print can identify a criminal if it shows an adequate number of ridge characteristics.
The friction skin ridges: A. Have no useful purpose other than identification. B. Provide a firmer grip. C. Resist slippage. D. Both B and C
D. Both B and C
Superglue fuming is NOT suitable for use on: A. Metal B. Plastic bags C. Leather D. Cardboard
D. Cardboard
Which of the following is NOT a ridge characteristic of a fingerprint? A. Bifurcation B. Island C. Enclosure D. Core
D. Core
Fingerprints are formed: A. During the first six months after birth. B. By the time a child is two years old. C. At birth. D. During fetal development
D. During fetal development
Will West was the man who: A. Devised the fingerprint classification system used in Spanish-speaking countries. B. Mutilated his fingerprints with acid. C. Invented Superglue. D. Had a virtual "double" with a similar name.
D. Had a vertual "double" with a similar name
The fingerprint classification system used in most English speaking countries was devised by: A. Vucetich. B. Herschel. C. Fauld. D. Henry.
D. Henry
Currently, which of the following, in conjunction with chemically induced fluorescence, is most often used to visualize latent prints? A. UV light B. Laser illumination C. IR light D. High-intensity light sources
D. High-intensity light sources
The most common ridge pattern is the: A. Whorl B. Accidental C. Arch D. Loop
D. Loop
Protein residues are best developed into fingerprint impressions with: A. Physical developer. B. Dusting powder. C. Iodine. D. Ninhydrin.
D. Ninhydrin
What is the minimum number of ridge characteristics necessary before two fingerprints can be identified as the same? A. 16 B. 10 C. 12 D. No minimum exists
D. No minimum exists
Investigators can use ________ to detect latent fingerprints without use of chemicals or powder treatments. A. GRIM 3 B. GC/MS C. AFIS D. RUVIS
D. RUVIS
The AFIS ________ determines the degree of ________ between the location and relationship of the minutiae between the questioned fingerprint and those in the database. A. Software configurations; difference B. Identification system; minutiae C. Relative position; orientation D. Search algorithm; correlation
D. Search algorithm; correlation
Which chemical treatment produces a white-appearing latent print? A. Physical developer B. Iodine fuming C. Ninhydrin D. Superglue fuming
D. Superglue fuming
A primary classification of 9/3 means that there are: A. Whorls on the left and right middle fingers. B. Loops on the right thumb and left ring finger. C. Deltas on fingers #9 and #3. D. Whorls on the left index and right ring fingers.
D. Whorls on the left index and right ring fingers
A final conclusion made using the ACE-V process is either the individualization or elimination of a print. True False
False
A latent fingerprint is a fingerprint made by the deposit of oils and/or perspiration that is visible to the naked eye. True False
False
Soft and porous surfaces are preferably developed by applying fingerprint powder or treating with Superglue. True False
False
The comparison step of the ACE-V process requires the comparison of the known and unknown print at two different levels. True False
False
The second fundamental principle of fingerprints is that a fingerprint is an individual characteristic. True False
False
The second fundamental theory of fingerprints states that a fingerprint remains unchanged once the individual enters adulthood. True False
False
The three kinds of crime scene fingerprints are visible prints, invisible prints, and latent prints. True False
False
When using AFIS, the computer makes the final verification of the print's identity. True False
False
Dusting to visualize a latent print on finished leather and rough plastic is best done with a: A. Fiberglass brush. B. Magna brush. C. Camel's hair brush. D. All of the above
Magna brush
Ninhydrin is used on a latent print to detect: A. Riboflavin. B. Protein material. C. Salt. D. Fatty acids.
Protein material
Fingerprint Equation - Whorls
R. Index R. Ring L. Thumb L. Middle L. Little R. Thumb R. Middle R. Little L. Index L. Ring
Digital imaging is a process through which a picture is converted into pixels. True False
True
Loops are the most common type of fingerprint patterns. True False
True
Ridge characteristics are ridge endings, bifurcations, enclosures, and other ridge details, which must match in two fingerprints to establish their common origin. True False
True
The perspiration in fingerprints contains a variety of components that fluoresce when illuminated by laser light. True False
True
The primary classification is the first step in classifying fingerprints under the FBI system. True False
True
The shape of the boundary formed from dermal papillae determines the fingerprint pattern. True False
True
The third fundamental principle of fingerprints is that fingerprints have general ridge patterns that permit them to be systematically classified. True False
True
The ACE-V process requires an independent examination by a second examiner. True False
True
