Chapter 6 Quiz

Which substance is a substitute for​ ninhydrin? A. RAY B. DFO C. RAM D. MRM 10

B. DFO

The​ FBI's IAFIS became fully operational​ in: A. 1991 B. 1997 C. 1989 :) D. 1999

D. 1999

What percentage of the population falls into the​ 1/1 Primary Classification​ category? A. 30% B. ​10% C. ​20% D. ​25%

D. 25%

Digital imaging is still effective in enhancing latent fingerprints even if details of the print do not exist on the original images. True False

False

It is possible to obscure​ one's fingerprints by scarring. True False

False

Loops include ridge patterns that are generally rounded or circular and have two deltas. True False

False

RUVIS detects prints by using chemical treatments True False

False

Which person listed below attempted to destroy his fingerprints with corrosive​ acid? A. Carlo Gambino B. James Gotti C. William West D. John Dillinger

John Dillinger

The pores of the sweat glands are located in​ the: A. Dermal papillae. B. Skin ridges. C. Friction grooves. D. Dermis.

Skin ridges

A loop must have at least one delta. True False

True

A plain arch is the simplest of all fingerprint patterns. True False

True

After the latent print has been​ visualized, a photograph must be taken before any further attempts at preservation. True False

True

It is estimated that there are as many as​ ________ ridge characteristics in an average complete fingerprint. A. 50 B. 200 C. 100 D. 150

150

In the Primary Classification​ scheme, the left index finger has a potential value​ of: A. 4 B. 8. C. 16. D. 2

2

The first systematic system of individual classification and identification was introduced​ by: A. Alphonse Bertillon. B. William Herschel. C. Richard Henry. D. Francis Galton.

A. Alphonse Bertillon

Which step of the​ ACE-V process requires the examiner to identify any distortions associated with the friction​ ridges? A. Analysis B. Evaluation C. Comparison D. Verification

A. Analysis

A fingerprint pattern having no delta is​ a(n): A. Arch. B. Central pocket loop. C. Plain whorl. D. Loop.

A. Arch

Sir Francis​ Galton, in writing his textbook on​ fingerprints, built on the groundbreaking work in this area​ by: A. Fauld B. Henry C. Bertillon D. Vucetich

A. Fauld

Prints that are not readily visible are commonly referred to​ as: A. Latent. B. Plastic. C. Rolled. D. Open.

A. Latent

The number of deltas found in an arch pattern is​ ________ the number of deltas found in a loop pattern. A. Less than B. Greater than C. The same as D. not comparable to

A. Less than

The value of ridge patterns in determining the uniqueness of a fingerprint is​ ________ the value of type and position of ridge characteristics in determining the uniqueness of a fingerprint. A. Less than B. not comparable to C. The same as D. Greater than

A. Less than

If an imaginary line drawn between the two deltas of a whorl pattern touches any of the spiral​ ridges, the pattern is classified as​ a(n): A. Plain whorl. B. Accidental. C. Central pocket whorl. D. Central pocket loop.

A. Plain whorl

Prints impressed in a bar of soap are referred to​ as: A. Plastic. B. Hidden. C. Latent. D. Dusted.

A. Plastic

Which of the following types of fingerprints are more likely to be found impressed in soft​ wax? A. Plastic B. Visible C. Hidden D. Latent

A. Plastic

Physical developer​ contains: A. Silver nitrate. B. Iodine. C. Ninhydrin. D. Acrylate.

A. Silver nitrate

In the Primary Classification​ System, a finger is assigned numerical value if its pattern is​ a: A. Whorl. B. Loop. C. Arch. D. Ulnar loop.

A. Whorl

Computerized fingerprint search systems match prints by comparing the position of​ ________ and​ ________. A. Loops; arches B. ​Bifurcations; ridge endings C. ​Minutiae; ridge characteristics D. Ridges; furrows

B. Bifurcations; ridge endings

To permanently alter the fingerprint and produce​ scars, one must damage​ the: A. Epidermis. B. Dermal papillae. C. Minutiae. D. Ridges.

B. Dermal papillae

Sublimation occurs with the use​ of: A. Cyanoacrylate. B. Iodine fuming. C. Laser-print detection. D. Silver nitrate.

B. Iodine fuming

Under which circumstances have two people been found to have identical​ fingerprints? A. Fraternal twins B. None to date C. Identical twins D. Siamese twins

B. None to date

After successfully visualizing a latent print on an​ object, an investigator should​ next: A. Classify the print. B. Take a​ 1:1 photograph of the print. C. Compare it to the​ suspect's prints. D. Lift the print with adhesive tape.

B. Take a 1:1 photograph of the print

In which order should chemical treatments to visualize latent prints be​ performed? 1. Ninhydrin 2. Iodine fuming 3. Physical developer A. ​3, 1, 2 B. ​1, 3, 2 C. 2, 1, 3 D. ​1, 2, 3

C. 2, 1, 3

The fingerprint pattern accounting for only​ 5% of all known patterns is​ the: A. Whorl B. Ulnar loop C. Arch D. Radial Loop

C. Arch

The most commonly encountered ridge characteristics​ (used by​ AFIS) are​ the: A. Ridge crossing and short ridge. B. Bifurcation and trifurcation. C. Bifurcation and ridge ending. D. Ridge ending and island.

C. Bifurcation and ridge ending

AFIS is​ a(n): A. Computer system programmed to analyze hair. B. Method used to determine age of a latent print. C. Computerized system for storing and retrieving fingerprint records. D. Assay technique used to identify drugs.

C. Computerized system for storing and retrieving fingerprint records

A chemical method used for developing prints on nonporous surfaces​ is: A. Ninhydrin. B. Physical developer. C. Fuming with cyanoacrylate. D. DFO.

C. Fuming with cyanoacrylate

Which of the following is NOT true about digital​ imaging? A. It produces an image composed of pixels. B. Once the image is​ produced, it can be manipulated and enlarged. C. It is a process in which a picture is converted into a digital file. D. It does not allow for the simultaneous comparison of two prints.

C. It does not allow for the simultaneous comparison of two prints

A​ point-by-point comparison of a​ fingerprint's ________ must be demonstrated in order to prove identity. A. Pattern B. Classification C. Minutiae D. Protein composition

C. Minutiae

The image produced from a digital file is composed of numerous square electronic dots​ called: A. Cubic millimeters. B. Bytes. C. Pixels. D. Screen elements.

C. Pixels

Which is NOT considered a porous​ surface? A. Cardboard B. Paper C. Tile D. Cloth

C. Tile

Livescan images of​ fingerprints: A. Are captured when the​ subject's fingers and palms are placed onto a glass platen. B. Have eliminated the need for inked prints on paper cards. C. Are sent to the AFIS database electronically. D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which statement is true of a partial​ fingerprint? A. Any print is sufficient for identification as long as there is enough to identify its basic pattern. B. At least​ 75% of the pattern must be present for identification. C. It must show at least a little of all ten fingers. D. Any print can identify a criminal if it shows an adequate number of ridge characteristics.

D. Any print can identify a criminal if it shows an adequate number of ridge characteristics.

The friction skin​ ridges: A. Have no useful purpose other than identification. B. Provide a firmer grip. C. Resist slippage. D. Both B and C

D. Both B and C

Superglue fuming is NOT suitable for use​ on: A. Metal B. Plastic bags C. Leather D. Cardboard

D. Cardboard

Which of the following is NOT a ridge characteristic of a​ fingerprint? A. Bifurcation B. Island C. Enclosure D. Core

D. Core

Fingerprints are​ formed: A. During the first six months after birth. B. By the time a child is two years old. C. At birth. D. During fetal development

D. During fetal development

Will West was the man​ who: A. Devised the fingerprint classification system used in​ Spanish-speaking countries. B. Mutilated his fingerprints with acid. C. Invented Superglue. D. Had a virtual​ "double" with a similar name.

D. Had a vertual "double" with a similar name

The fingerprint classification system used in most English speaking countries was devised​ by: A. Vucetich. B. Herschel. C. Fauld. D. Henry.

D. Henry

Currently, which of the​ following, in conjunction with chemically induced​ fluorescence, is most often used to visualize latent​ prints? A. UV light B. Laser illumination C. IR light D. ​High-intensity light sources

D. High-intensity light sources

The most common ridge pattern is​ the: A. Whorl B. Accidental C. Arch D. Loop

D. Loop

Protein residues are best developed into fingerprint impressions​ with: A. Physical developer. B. Dusting powder. C. Iodine. D. Ninhydrin.

D. Ninhydrin

What is the minimum number of ridge characteristics necessary before two fingerprints can be identified as the​ same? A. 16 B. 10 C. 12 D. No minimum exists

D. No minimum exists

Investigators can use​ ________ to detect latent fingerprints without use of chemicals or powder treatments. A. GRIM 3 B. ​GC/MS C. AFIS D. RUVIS

D. RUVIS

The AFIS​ ________ determines the degree of​ ________ between the location and relationship of the minutiae between the questioned fingerprint and those in the database. A. Software​ configurations; difference B. Identification​ system; minutiae C. Relative​ position; orientation D. Search​ algorithm; correlation

D. Search algorithm; correlation

Which chemical treatment produces a​ white-appearing latent​ print? A. Physical developer B. Iodine fuming C. Ninhydrin D. Superglue fuming

D. Superglue fuming

A primary classification of​ 9/3 means that there​ are: A. Whorls on the left and right middle fingers. B. Loops on the right thumb and left ring finger. C. Deltas on fingers​ #9 and​ #3. D. Whorls on the left index and right ring fingers.

D. Whorls on the left index and right ring fingers

A final conclusion made using the​ ACE-V process is either the individualization or elimination of a print. True False

False

A latent fingerprint is a fingerprint made by the deposit of oils​ and/or perspiration that is visible to the naked eye. True False

False

Soft and porous surfaces are preferably developed by applying fingerprint powder or treating with Superglue. True False

False

The comparison step of the​ ACE-V process requires the comparison of the known and unknown print at two different levels. True False

False

The second fundamental principle of fingerprints is that a fingerprint is an individual characteristic. True False

False

The second fundamental theory of fingerprints states that a fingerprint remains unchanged once the individual enters adulthood. True False

False

The three kinds of crime scene fingerprints are visible​ prints, invisible​ prints, and latent prints. True False

False

When using​ AFIS, the computer makes the final verification of the​ print's identity. True False

False

Dusting to visualize a latent print on finished leather and rough plastic is best done with​ a: A. Fiberglass brush. B. Magna brush. C. Camel's hair brush. D. All of the above

Magna brush

Ninhydrin is used on a latent print to​ detect: A. Riboflavin. B. Protein material. C. Salt. D. Fatty acids.

Protein material

Fingerprint Equation - Whorls

R. Index R. Ring L. Thumb L. Middle L. Little R. Thumb R. Middle R. Little L. Index L. Ring

Digital imaging is a process through which a picture is converted into pixels. True False

True

Loops are the most common type of fingerprint patterns. True False

True

Ridge characteristics are ridge​ endings, bifurcations,​ enclosures, and other ridge​ details, which must match in two fingerprints to establish their common origin. True False

True

The perspiration in fingerprints contains a variety of components that fluoresce when illuminated by laser light. True False

True

The primary classification is the first step in classifying fingerprints under the FBI system. True False

True

The shape of the boundary formed from dermal papillae determines the fingerprint pattern. True False

True

The third fundamental principle of fingerprints is that fingerprints have general ridge patterns that permit them to be systematically classified. True False

True

The​ ACE-V process requires an independent examination by a second examiner. True False

True