Chapter 6 Quiz - Learning

If the principles of social learning theory are true, then children may model aggressive behavior ________.

After seeing a television character receive a reward for taking violent action against another character

Mabel clicks her tongue while tickling Francis. Eventually, Francis starts to squirm and giggle every time Mabel clicks her tongue, even when he is not being tickled. In this example, tongue clicking is a(n) ________.

Conditioned stimulus

Which of the following is an example of stimulus discrimination?

Conditioned to drool when a bell rings and being able to tell the difference between the sound of a ringing bell and the sound of a whistle

What did John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner demonstrate with their studies of Little Albert?

Emotion can be a conditioned response

If a response results in a satisfying outcome, the probability of that response occurring again ________.

Increases

If a slamming door is a conditioned stimulus, then being able to distinguish between the sound of a slamming door and the sound of a heavy item being dropped would represent ________.

Stimulus discrimination

Kerry is conditioned to fear strawberries. Raspberries are similar to strawberries, and even though no attempt was made to make Kerry fear raspberries, she reacts with fear when she sees them. This is an example of ________.

Stimulus generalization

Which of the following is an example of observational learning?

Teaching yourself yoga by watching a yoga group in the park

What is the primary conclusion John B. Watson's made after working with Little Albert?

Emotions, such as fear, can be a acquired through classical conditioning

When an organism receives a reinforcer each time it displays a behavior, it is called________ reinforcement.

Continuous

Birds migrating, cats chasing prey, sea turtles moving toward the ocean immediately after birth, and joeys moving to the mother's pouch immediately after birth are all examples of ________.

Instincts

Kieran is attempting to condition a parrot to greet him when he enters the room. He repeatedly pairs his entry to the room with a treat for the parrot. Kieran can say that ________ has occurred as soon as the parrot greets him in response to his entry.

Acquisition

Which of the following experiments involves the use of social learning theory?

Determining how long it takes a person to learn how to knit if she is only allowed to watch YouTube videos of people knitting

Who experimented with rats to demonstrate that organisms can learn even if they do not receive immediate reinforcement?

Edward C. Tolman

Which of the following is an example of a fixed interval reinforcement schedule?

Taking your dog to the park every afternoon at 4:00 p.m.

In operant conditioning, ________ is when something is removed to increase the likelihood of a behavior.

Negative reinforcement

In ________ reinforcement, the person or animal is not reinforced every time a desired behavior is performed.

Partial

Harold catches fish throughout the day at unpredictable intervals. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

Variable interval

You call a friend on the phone and repeatedly get sent to voicemail, so you continue to call her every 5-20 minutes hoping to speak to her personally. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

Variable interval

Which of the following is an example of latent learning?

Remembering where the nearest gas station is when you unexpectedly run out of gas during your morning commute

In the initial period of learning, ________ describes when an organism learns to connect a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus.

Acquisition

Molly attempts to condition her puppy to greet her when she enters the house. She repeatedly pairs her entry to the house with a treat for the puppy. The puppy eventually acquires this ability, and Molly realizes how irritating it is for the puppy to run up to her every time she enters the house. She attempts to make the puppy stop, and eventually the puppy no longer feels motivated to greet her when she enters the house. The puppy no longer greeting her when she enters the house is an example of ________.

Extinction

Which of the following statements about Ivan Pavlov is true?

He is known for establishing the principles of classical conditioning.

________ is known for using Little Albert in his studies on human emotion.

John B. Watson

Learning that occurs, but is not observable in behavior until there is a reason to demonstrate it, is known as ________ learning.

Latent

Which of the following is an example of stimulus generalization?

Being afraid of all insects after being stung by a bee

In classical conditioning, the association that is learned is between a ________.

Neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus

Learning that occurs while watching others and then imitating, or modeling, what they do or say is called ________ learning.

Observational

What is the main idea of social learning theory?

One can learn new behaviors by observing others.

Hideki tells a lie and is grounded. He does this several times, finally learning that his behavior (lying) is associated with a consequence (being grounded). Which kind of learning is this?

Operant conditioning

John wants to train his daughter to excuse herself before she leaves the table. Although he does not know how often he will reward her for excusing herself, he does know that he will not reward her every time she excuses herself. Which reinforcement schedule is John planning to use?

Partial

In classical conditioning, the ________ is an automatic, unlearned reaction to a given stimulus. For example, if you have an allergy to pollen and sneeze, sneezing is an unlearned reaction to the pollen (i.e., the stimulus).

Unconditioned response

Which of the following is the decrease in the conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is no longer presented with the conditioned stimulus?

Extinction

Ron is taught to use a special numbers trick to check his final answer, but he does not demonstrate this skill until his end-of-the-year math test. This is an example of ________.

Latent learning

According to Albert Bandura, ________.

Learning can occur by watching others and modeling what they do or say.

Gabrielle watches her father put batteries into her toy phone, and she is then able to put the batteries into the toy phone herself without further instruction from her father. In this example, Gabrielle's father is a ________.

Model

Kicking your leg when your knee is tapped and quickly pulling your hand back when you accidently touch a hot stove are both examples of ________.

Reflexes

Which of the following is a process by which we learn to associate stimuli and, consequently, to anticipate events?

Classical conditioning

Grace whistles while tickling Khaleel with a feather. Eventually, Khaleel starts to squirm and giggle every time Grace whistles, even when he is not being tickled. In this example, squirming and giggling is a(n) ________.

Conditioned response

Which of the following is an example of operant conditioning?

When a dog "plays dead" she gets a treat in order to encourage her to repeat the behavior

Which of the following is an example of vicarious reinforcement?

Babs saw Martin receive a candy bar for completing his reading list. She is careful to complete her reading list because she saw Martin get a reward for doing it.

In ________ conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus automatically elicits a reflexive response. For example, a bit of black pepper blown into the eye produces a blinking response.

Classical

In ________ conditioning, an established conditioned stimulus is paired with a new neutral stimulus.

Higher order

Dave's boss told him that he doesn't have to attend the company picnic (which everybody dislikes) if Dave meets his sales quota this month. Dave's boss is using ________.

Negative reinforcement

________ reinforcers have innate reinforcing qualities - such as food, water and sleep.

Primary

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? In classical conditioning, the initial period of learning is known as latent.

The word "latent" should be changed to the word "acquisition."

Which of the following is an example of a variable interval reinforcement schedule?

Winona checks her cellphone at random times throughout the day instead of every time she hears the voicemail notification

Classical and operant conditioning are forms of ________ learning.

Associational

Jemma wants to teach her son to say thank you. Every time he says thank you, Jemma praises him and gives him a hug. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

Continuous