Chapter 6 Reading Questions

Proteins that work as messengers to regulate cell activity are called __________.Proteins that work as messengers that regulate the actions carried out in the cells are called __________

Hormones

Vegetarian diets are at risk of being deficient in __________. 1 cup of sliced peaches 1 cup of steamed broccoli 1 cup of dried pinto beans 3 ounces of skinless chicken breast

1 cup of sliced peaches. The fruit has minimal protein. A cup of most fruit contains virtually no protein at all.

Based on the RDA for protein, a healthy adult who weighs 80 kilograms should consume __________ grams of protein per day.

A healthy adult should consume 0.8 gram of protein per kilogram per day, so a person weighing 80 kilograms should consume 64 grams of protein per day. 80 kilograms × 0.8 grams of protein per kilogram = 64 grams

Which of the following foods would have the lowest amount of protein per serving?

Fruits generally have 1 gram or less of protein in one serving.

The building blocks of proteins are __________

Amino Acids

How does the body use the protein once it has been ingested? Consider the following statements and select the correct ones regarding protein use.

Amino acids are used to create new proteins. The liver uses amino acids to create glucose. If calorie intake is inadequate, amino acids can be used for production of energy.

Excess protein consumed is converted to __________.

Body fat

Protein synthesis is regulated by _________________

By your genes.

Which of the following foods provides a moderate amount of protein per serving?

Corn. Corn is a grain and is a moderate source of protein.

Which of the following statements correctly describes the function of tRNA during translation? During translation, tRNA carries the mRNA to the ribosome. During translation, tRNA carries the gene's instructions to the ribosomes. During translation, tRNA transfers the instructions to the DNA. During translation, tRNA collects and transports the amino acids to the ribosome.

During translation, tRNA collects and transports the amino acids to the ribosome.

Which of the following foods contains the highest quality protein?

Eggs. Eggs contain the highest quality protein because they contain all nine essential amino acids and have a high biological value. Amino acid scores are compared relative to egg protein.

The role of high-protein diets in several disease states is still unclear, but it is thought that __________ from high-protein diets may contribute to conditions such as osteoporosis and kidney stones.

Increased Acid

An unbalanced diet severely deficient in protein (though often containing carbohydrate-rich foods) can result in __________; edema is a classic symptom.

Kwashiorkor. Kwashiorkor is a severe deficiency in dietary protein. Edema is a classic symptom because of protein's role in fluid balance.

Which of the following is true about the quality of protein?

Proteins from foods of animal origin are generally high-quality proteins. Animal foods generally have proteins with similar amounts of the essential amino acids that humans need.

Denaturation of proteins changes their __________.

Shape

Drag each of the following names of enzymes and hormones into the appropriate bin according to the organs and cells that secrete them during protein digestion.

Stomach: pepsinogen gastrinhydrochloric acid Pancreas:carboxypeptidase,chymotrypsin,trypsin Small Intestine: dipeptidase,tripeptidase,aminopeptidase

Vegetarian diets may reduce risk for __________.

Stroke

Susan is consuming 70 grams of protein per day on her 2,000-kilocalorie-per-day diet. What percentage of Susan's diet is protein?

Susan's diet is 14 percent protein: 70 grams of protein × 4 kilocalories per gram = 280 kilocalories. 280 kilocalories ÷ 2,000 kilocalories = 0.14 = 14%

Which of the following plant foods have the highest quality of protein?

Tofu is made from soybeans, which is one of the plant foods that have high-quality protein. Its PDCAAS score is .78.

The fate of most digested dietary protein is __________.

circulation in the blood as amino acids

Rank the events from the stimulation of transcription to the binding of mRNA to the ribosome.

Transcription is stimulated. DNA in the cell nucleus unwinds. The instructions contained in a gene are transcribed as an mRNA molecule. mRNA detaches from the DNA. mRNA leaves the cell nucleus and arrives in the cytosol. mRNA binds to the ribosome.

Which one of the following populations is likely to be in negative nitrogen balance?

a 45-year-old adult after surgery

Which of the following foods would provide the highest quality protein in the smallest portion size?

chicken breast Animal products are a source of highest quality protein, and protein is very concentrated. A 3-ounce serving of chicken will have approximately 25 grams of protein.

A key function of protein in the body is __________.

donating or picking up hydrogen ions in the blood. A key function of a protein is acting as a buffer.

What substance denatures protein in the stomach?

hydrochloric acid (HCl)

Proteins differ from carbohydrates and lipids in that they contain ___________.

nitrogen

The body can synthesize __________ from amino acids

nonessential proteins

The continual process of degrading and synthesizing protein is called __________. When the daily amount of degraded protein is equivalent to the amount that is synthesized, you are in protein balance.

protein turnover