OPMA 3306 CH 5

If you are part of a self-contained project team working full time on a project, you are most likely experiencing the ________ project structure

pure

A project is a series of ______ _______

related jobs

When there is leeway in when an activity can start, this is referred to as

slack time

A schedule that completes the project and all its activities as soon as possible is known as an early __________ or early _________ schedule

start, finish

A work package includes _________________ and ________________ times for a group of activities

starting, completion

A _________ __ ______ is a written description of the objectives to be achieved during a project

statement of work

The critical path is

the longest chain of activities in a project

When a single time estimate of an activity completion time is not reliable, you should use

three time estimates

A project requires a significant ___________ __________ to perform

time periods

Gantt charts show the amount of __________ and the sequence of ____________

time, activities

Earned value management (EVM) has the foundational principle that objectively measuring technical performance is the first step toward...

understanding cost and schedule performance

earned value management implements a __________ of each activity

valuation

Earned ________ management combines measures of scope, schedule and cost for evaluating project progress

value

What term describes the group of activities assigned to a single organizational unit?

work package

When calculating the expected completion time, the most likely time is weighted _______ times more than the optimistic and pessimistic times

4

Which of the following is a term used to refer to pieces of work that consume time?

Activity

What is the third step in the crashing procedure?

Compute the critical path

What is the second step in the critical path method?

Construct a network showing the precedence relationships among activities

What is the second step in the crashing procedure?

Determine the cost per unit of time to expedite each activity

What is the third step in the critical path method?

Determine the critical path

What is the last step in the critical path method?

Determine the early start/early finish and late start/late finish schedule

A benefit of a pure project is that you share equipment and people across projects

F

A task is performed by multiple groups or organizations

F

It is not possible to have a process change project that accommodates a large amount of change

F

Slack activity time is the difference between the early start and the late finish of a project activity time.

F

There are relatively few project management software options for practitioners

F

What is the first step in the critical path method?

Identify each activity and its duration

Which project organizational structure blends properties of functional and pure strategies?

Matrix

Which project organization structure uses team members who are assigned from the functional units and has a dedicated project manager?

Matrix project

In CPM analysis it is generally expected that the relationship between activity direct costs and project indirect costs will be which of the following?

Negatively related

All of the following are constraints addressed in project management except:

People constraints

What is the fifth step in the crashing procedure?

Plot direct, indirect, and total-cost curves and find the minimum-cost schedule

Rank these terms from highest level down to lowest

Portfolio, Project, Task, Subtask, Work package

What is the first step in the crashing procedure?

Prepare a CPM-type network diagram

In a Gantt chart the horizontal axis is usually which of the following?

Time

A matrix project attempts to blend properties of functional and pure project structures.

T

An advantage of a functional project is that team members can work on multiple projects at once

T

Earned Value Management (EVM) has the capability to combine measurements of scope, schedule, and cost in a project.

T

The critical path in a project is that sequence of activities that consume the longest amount of time in a project network of activities.

T

The hierarchy of project tasks, subtasks and work packages is known as a work breakdown structure

T

When all activities are completed, the project is finished

T

When calculating the probability of project completion, you use the sum of variances of _____________ in the denominator

activities on the critical path

The time-cost model considers the trade-off between the time required to complete an activity and the _______ of that activity

cost

In the ___________ process, the during of an activity is reduced

crashing

In a functional project structure team members do not report to a ____________ ___________ ___________

dedicated project manager

What are general types of projects?

derivative, breakthrough, platform

A work package includes a _________________ of what is to be done

description

The early finish time of a task is calculated by adding the ________ __________ and duration

early start

Which technique combines measures of scope, schedule and cost for evaluating project progress?

earned value management

A disadvantage of a pure project structure is that team members may be worries about _____________ after project completion

employment

When calculating the critical path for a three estimate project, you use the ____________ time as the activity duration time

expected

When three time estimates are used to estimate the activity time, critical path calculation should use the ___________ time for each activity

expected

In a __________ project structure, team members do not report to a dedicated manager but remain part of their functional units

functional

One advantage of the _______ project structure is that team members can work on several projects without having to report to multiple project managers

functional

An advantage of the matrix project structure is that communication between _______________ areas is ______________

functional, enhanced

In a network diagram, the activities that lead directly to another activity are known as ___________ predecessors

immediate

The costs associated with sustaining a project are referred to as...

indirect costs

If a delay of an activity delays the entire project, then this activity

is on the critical path

A schedule that delays each activity as long as possible without delaying the overall project completion is known as a _________ _______ schedule

late start

When calculating the slack time of an activity, it is the difference between an activity's _______ and ______ start or _______ and _________ finish times

late, start

An advantage of the matrix project structure is that team members are ________ concerned about their future employment after the project is completed

less

A project is directed toward some __________ _______

major output

A project has _______ critical paths

many

earned value management implements predefined _________ that quantify the accomplishment of ______

metrics, work

A specific event that is to be reached at a certain point in time is known as a project __________

milestone

An advantage of the matrix project structure is that resource duplication is __________

minimized

If the desired completion time for a project (D) is less than the expected completion time (Te), the value of Z will be

negative

The foundational principle of earned value management (EVM) is that a true understanding of cost and schedule performance depends upon measuring technical performance ______________

objectively

The variance of an activity's completion time requires knowledge of The __________ time and the _________ time

optimistic, pessimistic

A work package includes _____________ measures

performance

Which times are needed to calculate the expected time of an activity?

pessimistic, most likely, optimistic

earned value management implements a __________ ______ that identifies activities to be _______________

project plan, accomplished

The crash-cost per day (or other time unit) is calculated using which of the following formulas?

(CC - NC) / (NT - CT)

You have been placed in charge of a large project. Shortened communication lines are required to ensure quick resolution of problems as they arise. You recognize that the project is going to take a lot of time and require a lot of team pride, motivation, and commitment by all members. Which project management structure should you use in this situation?

Pure project

What is the fourth step in the crashing procedure?

Shorten the critical path at the least cost