OPMA 3306 CH 5
If you are part of a self-contained project team working full time on a project, you are most likely experiencing the ________ project structure
pure
A project is a series of ______ _______
related jobs
When there is leeway in when an activity can start, this is referred to as
slack time
A schedule that completes the project and all its activities as soon as possible is known as an early __________ or early _________ schedule
start, finish
A work package includes _________________ and ________________ times for a group of activities
starting, completion
A _________ __ ______ is a written description of the objectives to be achieved during a project
statement of work
The critical path is
the longest chain of activities in a project
When a single time estimate of an activity completion time is not reliable, you should use
three time estimates
A project requires a significant ___________ __________ to perform
time periods
Gantt charts show the amount of __________ and the sequence of ____________
time, activities
Earned value management (EVM) has the foundational principle that objectively measuring technical performance is the first step toward...
understanding cost and schedule performance
earned value management implements a __________ of each activity
valuation
Earned ________ management combines measures of scope, schedule and cost for evaluating project progress
value
What term describes the group of activities assigned to a single organizational unit?
work package
When calculating the expected completion time, the most likely time is weighted _______ times more than the optimistic and pessimistic times
4
Which of the following is a term used to refer to pieces of work that consume time?
Activity
What is the third step in the crashing procedure?
Compute the critical path
What is the second step in the critical path method?
Construct a network showing the precedence relationships among activities
What is the second step in the crashing procedure?
Determine the cost per unit of time to expedite each activity
What is the third step in the critical path method?
Determine the critical path
What is the last step in the critical path method?
Determine the early start/early finish and late start/late finish schedule
A benefit of a pure project is that you share equipment and people across projects
F
A task is performed by multiple groups or organizations
F
It is not possible to have a process change project that accommodates a large amount of change
F
Slack activity time is the difference between the early start and the late finish of a project activity time.
F
There are relatively few project management software options for practitioners
F
What is the first step in the critical path method?
Identify each activity and its duration
Which project organizational structure blends properties of functional and pure strategies?
Matrix
Which project organization structure uses team members who are assigned from the functional units and has a dedicated project manager?
Matrix project
In CPM analysis it is generally expected that the relationship between activity direct costs and project indirect costs will be which of the following?
Negatively related
All of the following are constraints addressed in project management except:
People constraints
What is the fifth step in the crashing procedure?
Plot direct, indirect, and total-cost curves and find the minimum-cost schedule
Rank these terms from highest level down to lowest
Portfolio, Project, Task, Subtask, Work package
What is the first step in the crashing procedure?
Prepare a CPM-type network diagram
In a Gantt chart the horizontal axis is usually which of the following?
Time
A matrix project attempts to blend properties of functional and pure project structures.
T
An advantage of a functional project is that team members can work on multiple projects at once
T
Earned Value Management (EVM) has the capability to combine measurements of scope, schedule, and cost in a project.
T
The critical path in a project is that sequence of activities that consume the longest amount of time in a project network of activities.
T
The hierarchy of project tasks, subtasks and work packages is known as a work breakdown structure
T
When all activities are completed, the project is finished
T
When calculating the probability of project completion, you use the sum of variances of _____________ in the denominator
activities on the critical path
The time-cost model considers the trade-off between the time required to complete an activity and the _______ of that activity
cost
In the ___________ process, the during of an activity is reduced
crashing
In a functional project structure team members do not report to a ____________ ___________ ___________
dedicated project manager
What are general types of projects?
derivative, breakthrough, platform
A work package includes a _________________ of what is to be done
description
The early finish time of a task is calculated by adding the ________ __________ and duration
early start
Which technique combines measures of scope, schedule and cost for evaluating project progress?
earned value management
A disadvantage of a pure project structure is that team members may be worries about _____________ after project completion
employment
When calculating the critical path for a three estimate project, you use the ____________ time as the activity duration time
expected
When three time estimates are used to estimate the activity time, critical path calculation should use the ___________ time for each activity
expected
In a __________ project structure, team members do not report to a dedicated manager but remain part of their functional units
functional
One advantage of the _______ project structure is that team members can work on several projects without having to report to multiple project managers
functional
An advantage of the matrix project structure is that communication between _______________ areas is ______________
functional, enhanced
In a network diagram, the activities that lead directly to another activity are known as ___________ predecessors
immediate
The costs associated with sustaining a project are referred to as...
indirect costs
If a delay of an activity delays the entire project, then this activity
is on the critical path
A schedule that delays each activity as long as possible without delaying the overall project completion is known as a _________ _______ schedule
late start
When calculating the slack time of an activity, it is the difference between an activity's _______ and ______ start or _______ and _________ finish times
late, start
An advantage of the matrix project structure is that team members are ________ concerned about their future employment after the project is completed
less
A project is directed toward some __________ _______
major output
A project has _______ critical paths
many
earned value management implements predefined _________ that quantify the accomplishment of ______
metrics, work
A specific event that is to be reached at a certain point in time is known as a project __________
milestone
An advantage of the matrix project structure is that resource duplication is __________
minimized
If the desired completion time for a project (D) is less than the expected completion time (Te), the value of Z will be
negative
The foundational principle of earned value management (EVM) is that a true understanding of cost and schedule performance depends upon measuring technical performance ______________
objectively
The variance of an activity's completion time requires knowledge of The __________ time and the _________ time
optimistic, pessimistic
A work package includes _____________ measures
performance
Which times are needed to calculate the expected time of an activity?
pessimistic, most likely, optimistic
earned value management implements a __________ ______ that identifies activities to be _______________
project plan, accomplished
The crash-cost per day (or other time unit) is calculated using which of the following formulas?
(CC - NC) / (NT - CT)
You have been placed in charge of a large project. Shortened communication lines are required to ensure quick resolution of problems as they arise. You recognize that the project is going to take a lot of time and require a lot of team pride, motivation, and commitment by all members. Which project management structure should you use in this situation?
Pure project
What is the fourth step in the crashing procedure?
Shorten the critical path at the least cost
