Chapter 6 Review - The American Revolution

What is a Loyalist?

A Loyalist is someone who supported or stayed loyal to Great Britain.

How did Juan de Moralles help the Americans during the Revolutionary War?

De Moralles convinced Spain, Cuba, and Mexico to send financial aid to the colonies. He also loaned money to the Americans as well.

What is guerilla warfare?

Guerrilla warfare is a type of warfare that uses surprise attacks where the attacker quickly strikes and then disappears.

How did Friedrich von Steuben help the Americans during the Revolutionary War?

Von Steuben helped General Washington to train troops at Valley Forge.

What were some reasons Loyalists would support Great Britain in the Revolutionary War?

-Some people decided to stay loyal to Great Britain because they were members of the Anglican Church headed by the British king. -Some Loyalists feared what would happen from challenging the British government. -Some Loyalists depended on the British for their jobs. -Others didn't understand what the problem was with the British government and why the colonies wanted independence.

What is a blockade? How did the British navy use blockades to hurt the American cause?

A blockade prevents supplies and reinforcements from reaching a group. The British used blockade to cut off American ships and their allies from reaching American harbors with supplies and troops.

What is a mercenary? Which side hired mercenaries to fight for them?

A mercenary is a hired soldier. The British hired Hessians from Germany to fight for them during the war.

What were factors that contributed to the Americans winning the American Revolution?

Americans were fighting on their own land and knew where to attack better. The British depended too heavily on their navy and seapower. The Americans had support from other nations like France and Spain. The Americans were fighting for a cause they cared about.

What role did African Americans play in the Revolutionary War?

At first, many African Americans joined the British because the British government promised their freedom if they won. Later African Americans joined the Patriot side as well, but the Southern colonies were afraid to do this because they thought their slaves might rebel.

How did Bernardo de Galvez help the Americans during the Revolutionary War?

Galvez raised an army and forced British troops from Baton Rouge and Natchez. They also captured British forts at Mobile and Pensacola. His campaign diverted British troops from other fronts of the war where Americans were fighting.

What happened during the Battles of Trenton and Princeton, New Jersey?

George Washington and 2,400 troops crossed the Delaware River and surprised the British army on Christmas morning in Trenton. Washington's army then marched to Princeton and drove away the British there.

How did the Marquis de Lafayette help the Americans during the Revolutionary War?

Lafayette became an aid to General Washington.

What is a privateer? What role did privateers play in the revolution?

Privateers were privately owned merchant ships with weapons. The privateers were hired by the Second Continental Congress to fight against the British navy.

What disadvantages did the British have during the Revolutionary War?

The British didn't know the land. They had to ship supplies, weapons, and troops to another country. They hired Hessians soldiers, who were only fighting for money, not for their own cause.

Why did Native Americans side with the British during the revolution?

The British seemed like less of a threat than the Americans, who wanted to take more land in the west.

What countries became the allies of the American colonists during this time?

The French openly supported the Americans and entered a trade agreement with them. They fought alongside the Americans and sent supplies, troops, and money. The French declared war on Great Britain as well. The Spanish secretly sent money and supplies to the Americans and declared war on Great Britain.

What was the Treaty of Paris? What were the conditions of the Treaty?

The Treaty of Paris officially ended the American Revolution. The conditions of the treaty were: Great Britain recognized the United States as an independent nation and promised to withdraw their troops from American territory. They also decided to allow the U.S. to have the right to fish in the water off the coast of Canada. The Americans agreed to allow British merchants to collect the debts Americans owed them. Loyalists would also be returned the properties they owned.

What is inflation?

The amount of bills in circulation was greater than the worth of gold and silver backing them. This meant it took more money to buy the same amount of goods, and the bills were virtually worthless.

What advantages did the British have during the Revolutionary War?

They had a larger population than the colonies, which meant they had more people to recruit to fight. They had more wealth. They had the most powerful navy in the world at the time.

What advantages did the colonists have during the Revolutionary War?

They knew the land. They were fighting for their freedom and were therefore more determined to win. They used guerrilla warfare. George Washington was their leader, and he was a military genius. They had help from France and Spain.

What disadvantages did the colonists have during the Revolutionary War?

They lacked a navy and had to hire privateers. They were not a wealthy country and had no way to raise money or buy supplies. They had a smaller population than Great Britain. At first, the colonies were not united.

How did George Washington win the Battle of Yorktown?

Washington was originally going to lead his troops to New York to meet the British there, but learned that General Cornwallis would be in Yorktown, Virginia. America's French allies Rochambeau and de Grasse would also be there with their troops to surround Cornwallis' troops by both land and sea. The attack was a surprise to the British.

What affects did the revolution have on women, Loyalists, and African Americans at this time?

Women: Women started to question their place and treatment in society, especially because they took over many men's jobs when the men left for war. Loyalists: Loyalists became the target of violence from their Patriot neighbors or were arrested and tried as traitors. African Americans: People started to question the morality of slavery, and some colonies even attempted to abolish slavery in their states.