Chapter 6: Skeletal System

calcium

critical nutrient for stimulation, regulation and exocytois

fossa

depression

diarthrosis

freely movable joint

Osteon

functional unit of compact bone

Lamellar Bone

mature bone

Articular cartilage

the end of long bone is covered with hyaline cartilage called

femur

thigh

phalanges

toes and fingers

Medullary Cavity

Compact bone surrounding a hollow center called the

22

How many bones are in the skull?

8

How many cranial bones are there?

14

How many facial bones are there?

Collagen and Prteoglycan

What do osteoblasts produce?

tarsals

ankle

frontal bone

anterior part of the cranium

ethmoid bone

anterior portion of cranium

upper limbs, lower limbs, two girdles

appendicular skeleton consists of bones from

articulations

are where two bones come together

inferior nasal conchae

attached to lateral walls of nasal cavity

flexion

bending

Red Marrow

blood forming cells

endochondral ossification

bone formation within a cartilage model

appositional growth

bone growth

Osteoclasts

bone-destroying cells

flat bones

bones have relatively thin, flattened shape

short bones

bones that are approximately wide as they are long

long bones

bones that are longer than they are wide

meatus or canal

canal-like passageway

Marrow

cavities in spongy bone are filled with soft tissue

Cannaliculi

cell extensions housed in narrow, long spaces are called what?

Diaphysis

center portion of the bone which is composed of compact bone

zygomatic bones

cheek bones

clavicle

collar bone

Lamellae

concentric rings of bone matrix which surround the central canal

sutures

cranial bones are connected by immovable joints called

Epiphyses

ends of a long bone, contains mostly spongy bone and outer layer of compact bone

metatarsals

foot

nasal bones

form bridge of nose

primary ossification center

forms bone in the diaphysis of a long bone

secondary ossification center

forms bone in the epiphysis

sphenoid bone

forms part of cranium floor, lateral posterior on eye orbits

maxillae

forms the upper jaw

frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, maxillary

four paranasal sinuses

matrix

ground substance contains proteogylcans

Spongy bone

has less bone matrix and more space

Compact bone

has more bone matrix and less space

acetabulum

hip socket of hip bone

foramen

hole

collagen

ia a fibrous protein that provides flexibility

Red Marrow

in fetuses, the spaces within their bones are filled with what?

pelvis

includes pelvic girdle and coccyx

ischium

inferior and posterior region of hip bone

temporal bones

inferior to parietal bones on side of cranium

hydroxyapatite

inorganic material is primarily a calcium phosphate crystal

synovial

joined by a fluid cavity

patella

knee cap

tibia

larger bone of lower leg

palatine bones

lateral wall of nasal cavity

Endosteum

lines internal surfaces of all cavities within bones

mandible

lower jawbone

tubercle or tuberosity

lump of bone

Osteocytes

maintain bone matrix and forms from osteoblast

lacrimal bones

medial surfaces eye orbit

vomer

midline of nasal cavity

ilium

most superior region of hip bone

Yellow Marow

mostly fat

abduction

movement away from midline

rotation

movement of structure

adduction

movement toward midline

synarthrosis

non-movable joint

Lacunae

osteocyte cell bodies are housed within bone matrix spaces called what?

Lacunae

osteocytes are located in spaces called _____ between the lamellar rings

Central Canal

osteon is composed of concentric rings of matrix surrounding a

Periosteum

outer surface of a bone, covered by a connective tissue membrane called

occipital bones

posterior portion and floor of cranium

process

projection

Osteoblasts

responsible for formation, repair and remodeling of bone

pronation

rotation of forearm down

supination

rotation of forearm up

parathyroid hormone (pth)

secreted by the parathyroid gland, increases formation and activation of osteoclasts

calcitonin

secreted from ccells in thyroid gland, rapidly lowers blood

scapula

shoulder blade

parietal bone

sides and room of cranium

amphiarthrosis

slightly movable joint

fibula

smaller bone of lower leg

condyle

smooth, rounded end

Trabeculae

spongy bone consists of interconnecting rods or plates of bone called

Endochondral Ossification

starts with a cartilage model

Intramembranous Ossification

starts within embryonic connective tissue membranes

extension

straightening

joint cavity

synovial joints are surrounded by fluid filled _____

vertebral column

the central axis of the skeleton

Ossification Centers

the intramembranous ossification process begins in areas called

Epiphyseal plate

this is where growth in bone length occurs

pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle

two girdle zones

fibrous joint

united by fibrous connective tissue

cartilaginous

united by means of cartilage

hyoid bone

unpaired, u-shaped bone thats not part of the skull

bones, cartilages, tendons, ligaments

what are the components of skeletal system?

Ossification

what is the formation of new bone by osteoblasts?

bone

what replaces cartilage model

Epiphyseal line

when bone stops growing, the epiphyseal plate becomes ossified and is called

pelvic girdle

where lower limbs attach to the body