Chapter 6: Skeletal System
calcium
critical nutrient for stimulation, regulation and exocytois
fossa
depression
diarthrosis
freely movable joint
Osteon
functional unit of compact bone
Lamellar Bone
mature bone
Articular cartilage
the end of long bone is covered with hyaline cartilage called
femur
thigh
phalanges
toes and fingers
Medullary Cavity
Compact bone surrounding a hollow center called the
22
How many bones are in the skull?
8
How many cranial bones are there?
14
How many facial bones are there?
Collagen and Prteoglycan
What do osteoblasts produce?
tarsals
ankle
frontal bone
anterior part of the cranium
ethmoid bone
anterior portion of cranium
upper limbs, lower limbs, two girdles
appendicular skeleton consists of bones from
articulations
are where two bones come together
inferior nasal conchae
attached to lateral walls of nasal cavity
flexion
bending
Red Marrow
blood forming cells
endochondral ossification
bone formation within a cartilage model
appositional growth
bone growth
Osteoclasts
bone-destroying cells
flat bones
bones have relatively thin, flattened shape
short bones
bones that are approximately wide as they are long
long bones
bones that are longer than they are wide
meatus or canal
canal-like passageway
Marrow
cavities in spongy bone are filled with soft tissue
Cannaliculi
cell extensions housed in narrow, long spaces are called what?
Diaphysis
center portion of the bone which is composed of compact bone
zygomatic bones
cheek bones
clavicle
collar bone
Lamellae
concentric rings of bone matrix which surround the central canal
sutures
cranial bones are connected by immovable joints called
Epiphyses
ends of a long bone, contains mostly spongy bone and outer layer of compact bone
metatarsals
foot
nasal bones
form bridge of nose
primary ossification center
forms bone in the diaphysis of a long bone
secondary ossification center
forms bone in the epiphysis
sphenoid bone
forms part of cranium floor, lateral posterior on eye orbits
maxillae
forms the upper jaw
frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, maxillary
four paranasal sinuses
matrix
ground substance contains proteogylcans
Spongy bone
has less bone matrix and more space
Compact bone
has more bone matrix and less space
acetabulum
hip socket of hip bone
foramen
hole
collagen
ia a fibrous protein that provides flexibility
Red Marrow
in fetuses, the spaces within their bones are filled with what?
pelvis
includes pelvic girdle and coccyx
ischium
inferior and posterior region of hip bone
temporal bones
inferior to parietal bones on side of cranium
hydroxyapatite
inorganic material is primarily a calcium phosphate crystal
synovial
joined by a fluid cavity
patella
knee cap
tibia
larger bone of lower leg
palatine bones
lateral wall of nasal cavity
Endosteum
lines internal surfaces of all cavities within bones
mandible
lower jawbone
tubercle or tuberosity
lump of bone
Osteocytes
maintain bone matrix and forms from osteoblast
lacrimal bones
medial surfaces eye orbit
vomer
midline of nasal cavity
ilium
most superior region of hip bone
Yellow Marow
mostly fat
abduction
movement away from midline
rotation
movement of structure
adduction
movement toward midline
synarthrosis
non-movable joint
Lacunae
osteocyte cell bodies are housed within bone matrix spaces called what?
Lacunae
osteocytes are located in spaces called _____ between the lamellar rings
Central Canal
osteon is composed of concentric rings of matrix surrounding a
Periosteum
outer surface of a bone, covered by a connective tissue membrane called
occipital bones
posterior portion and floor of cranium
process
projection
Osteoblasts
responsible for formation, repair and remodeling of bone
pronation
rotation of forearm down
supination
rotation of forearm up
parathyroid hormone (pth)
secreted by the parathyroid gland, increases formation and activation of osteoclasts
calcitonin
secreted from ccells in thyroid gland, rapidly lowers blood
scapula
shoulder blade
parietal bone
sides and room of cranium
amphiarthrosis
slightly movable joint
fibula
smaller bone of lower leg
condyle
smooth, rounded end
Trabeculae
spongy bone consists of interconnecting rods or plates of bone called
Endochondral Ossification
starts with a cartilage model
Intramembranous Ossification
starts within embryonic connective tissue membranes
extension
straightening
joint cavity
synovial joints are surrounded by fluid filled _____
vertebral column
the central axis of the skeleton
Ossification Centers
the intramembranous ossification process begins in areas called
Epiphyseal plate
this is where growth in bone length occurs
pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle
two girdle zones
fibrous joint
united by fibrous connective tissue
cartilaginous
united by means of cartilage
hyoid bone
unpaired, u-shaped bone thats not part of the skull
bones, cartilages, tendons, ligaments
what are the components of skeletal system?
Ossification
what is the formation of new bone by osteoblasts?
bone
what replaces cartilage model
Epiphyseal line
when bone stops growing, the epiphyseal plate becomes ossified and is called
pelvic girdle
where lower limbs attach to the body