Chapter 6 The Eukaryote Cell Review Questions

the nucleus

A dish of animal cells was grown in the presence of radioactive phosphorous. The phosphorous largely ended up in nucleotides inside the actively growing animal cells. In which cellular structure(s) would you predict the majority of the radioactive phosphorous to accumulate?

Golgi apparatus

A researcher made an interesting observation about a protein made by the rough endoplasmic reticulum and eventually found in a cell's plasma membrane. The protein in the plasma membrane was actually slightly different from the protein made in the ER. The protein was probably altered in the _____.

light microscope, because the specimen is alive

A researcher wants to film the movement of chromosomes during cell division. Which type of microscope should she choose and why is it the best choice?

the plasma membrane

A substance moving from outside the cell into the cytoplasm must pass through _____.

have no membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic. Unlike a typical eukaryotic cell they _____.

in bacterial cells

Chloroplasts and mitochondria are thought to be of prokaryotic origin. One piece of evidence that supports this hypothesis is that these organelles contain prokaryotic-like ribosomes. These ribosomes are probably most similar to ribosomes found _____.

embedded in the plasma membrane functioning in the transport of molecules into the cell

Consider a protein that is made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. You observe that when the synthesis of the protein is completed, the protein is located in the ER membrane. Where else in the cell might this protein be found?

mitochondria

Cyanide binds to at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide will be found within the ____________________.

Eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized, which allows for specialization.

In terms of cellular function, what is the most important difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in the Golgi apparatus

The walls of plant cells are largely composed of polysaccharides and proteins that are synthesized _____.

Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores.

What is the functional connection between the nucleolus, nuclear pores, and the nuclear membrane?

ER → Golgi → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane

What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell?

cytoskeleton

Where would you expect to find proteins involved with movement of structures within a cell?

manufacturing

Which of the following categories best describes the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

ribosomes, plasma membrane, cytoplasm

Which of the following features do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common?

ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following groups is primarily involved in synthesizing molecules needed by the cell?

Chromosomes only appear as a cell is about to divide.

Which of the following is false in respect to cells' chromosomes?

ribosome

Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell?

cell

Which of the following is the simplest collection of matter that can live?

Cytoplasm, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria

Which of the following is/are possible site(s) of protein synthesis in a typical eukaryotic cell?

free cytoplasmic ribosomes

Which of the following organelles is unlikely to show enhanced abundance in pancreatic cells that secrete large amounts of digestive enzymes?

ribosomes

Which of the following organelles might be found inside other organelles?

Golgi apparatus; lysosome

Which of the following sequences represents the order in which a protein made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum might move through the endomembrane system?

centrioles

Which of the following structures is found in animal cells but NOT plant cells?

mitochondria

Which of the following structures is found in eukaryotic but not prokaryotic cells?

Components of the cytoskeleton often mediate the movement of organelles within the cytoplasm.

Which statement about the cytoskeleton is true?

mitochondrion

Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?

chloroplast

Which structure is not part of the endomembrane system?

microtubule; muscle contraction

Which structure-function pair is mismatched?

muscle cells in the legs of a marathon runner

Which type of cell is most likely to have the most mitochondria?

secrete a lot of protein

You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to _____.