CHAPTER 6 WORKBOOK AND BLUE/RED MOD

What vitamin does the body need for calcium absorption?

Vitamin D

What vitamin is skin essential for the production of?

Vitamin D

hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and calcium

What are the 4 most common elements in the human body?

A slow and rarely fatal cancer that accounts for about 90 % of all skin cancers is

basal cell carcinoma

hypodermis

also known as the subcutaneous layer: It is the support layer for the skin and is largely composed of adipose tissue.

The rule of nines refers to

an estimate of the extent of body surface area affected by burns

the study of the structure of the body is

anatomy

Treatment for herpes zoster would include

antiviral medication

matter

anything that takes up space and has weight

organs

are created by the combination of two or more tissue types

the sweat or Sudoriferous Glands

are part of the body's cooling system

Goose bumps are caused by

arrector pilli muscles as they pull on the fibers in the dermis

People who have trouble paying attention without being distracted and find it difficult to control impulsive physical actions have

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

The name of the muscle that divides the ventral cavity into superior and inferior positions is the

Diaphragm

The nose is what to the ears?

anterior

Dermititis is a sign of

many skin disorders.

Shock is likely to occur after a burn injury of

10 %

During mitosis the nucleus

Makes a complete copy of all 23 pairs of chromosomes

Stages of melanoma

Stage 0 only found in epidermis Stage 1 spread to epidermis and dermis... (1 to 2 mm thick) Stage 2 2 to 4 mm thick plus ulceration Stage 3 spread to one or more lymph nodes Stage 4 spread to other body organs or lymph nodes far from original melanoma

when testing pH with litmus paper, which one will turn red litmus paper blue.

base/alkaline

why is it important for you to have a basic understanding of chemistry?

because body structure and functions result from chemical processes that occur within body cells or fluids

When a person taking anti inflammatory drugs to control pain is injured

blood supply to the injured area cannot increase.

thoracic cavity

body cavity that contains the heart, lungs, aorta, esophagus, and trachea.

A term that refers to the arm is

brachium

the smallest "living" unit of structure is

cells

keratinocyte

cells that accumulate protein in the epidermis

molecule

chemical combination of two or more atoms

The simplest level of organization of the body is the

chemical level

The correct sequence of the level of organization is

chemical, cells, tissue, organ, system

A clot that forms when skin is healing is mostly made from

clotted blood and dried tissue fluid

compound

combination of two or more atoms from different elements

prefix

comes at the beginning of a term; alters the meaning

suffix

comes at the end of the word; alters the meaning

word root

contains base meaning of a medical term

If a patient does not have a rich supply of oxygenated blood in her skin, her skin will be

cyanotic

Sweat glands are present in the layer of the skin called the

dermis

metabolism

describes the overall chemical functioning of the body

Rosacea

dilation of small facial blood vessels

The fingers are what to the elbow?

distal

sagital plane

divides the body into right and left portions

Patients with superficial burns usually

do not require medical treatment

The 2 main body cavities are

dorsal and ventral

combining vowel

eases pronunciation of a term; does not change the meaning

What does the epidermis consist mostly of?

flat, dead cells.

A condition that results from shaving or excess rubbing of the skin is

follulitis

X-linked disease

if a characteristic is carried on the female chromosome, this is produced

a disease of the skin that is caused by staphyloccocal or streptococcal bacteria is

impetigo

follicle

in hair, it contains the blood vessel that nourishes the hair

Where are apocrine gland mostly found?

in the axillary and groin areas of the body.

foliculitis

inflammation of hair follicles

cystic fibrosis is caused by

inheritance of an autosomal recessive gene that both parents carry.

psoriasis

inherited autoimmune disorder

chemistry

is the study of matter composition and how it changes

When skin is injured, inflammation follows. The benefits of this response is that

it causes pain, calling attention to the injury

Epithelial Connective tissue

it covers the body and lines body cavities

Sebaceous Gland

it secretes sebrum or oil for the hair and skin

The purpose of sweat glands is to

keep the skin cool

found within the epidermis, this protein gives this layer of skin its protective properties.

keratin

If a person has chicken pox he can get shingles

later in life if the virus becomes active again

inorganic

matter that does not contain carbon and hydrogen

organic

matter that generally contains carbon and hydrogen

When errors are made in the duplication of DNA, the daughter cells

may or may not be affected in harmful ways

A skin cancer that follows the signs of the ABCD rule is

melanoma

The ABCDE rule applies to which type of cancer?

melanoma

Anabolism and catabolism are both part of the body's

metabolism

The body plane that divides the body into equal left and right sides is called

mid-sagittal

A process that involves splitting of the nucleus is

mitosis

Organelles are

molecules that have joined together

Multiple alleles determine

most traits in the body

When a DNA is duplicated and an error occurs it is called a

mutation

A pH of 7 is

neither acidic nor Base.

The abdominal area is divided into

nine regions

A patient arrives in the office after burning her arm while cooking outside on the grill. You notice that she has applied some type of oil or lotion on the burn . You know that lotions or oils on a burn are

not recommended

The chromosomes are located in the

nucleus of the cell

impetigo

oozing skin lesions

Systems

organs working together

What body cavity contains the reproductive organs?

pelvic

the study of how the body functions is

physiology

when a person is hot the dermal blood vessels of the skin dilate and her skin becomes

pinkish

transverse

plane that divides the body into inferior and superior portions

ions

positively and negatively charged particles

cyanosis

refers to the bluish tint that skin gets from cold and the illnesses that result in decreased oxygen in the tissues

The usual treatment for basal cell carcenoma is

removal using Moh's surgery

Treatment for verucanae is

removal with over the counter drugs or surgery

mutations

results when errors occur during DNA duplication

the body plane that divides the body into the left and right portions is the

sagital plane

cell

smallest living unit

electrolytes

substance that releases ions in water

eccrine

sudoriferous glands that produce a watery type of sweat

dermatome

the skin area along a central nerve pathway

dermatome

the skin area innervated by a nerve

Biochemistry

the study of matter and chemical reactions in the body.

PCR

the technique used to make multiple copies of even a fragment of DNA

alopecia

the term for hair loss (baldness)

stratum corneum

the topmost layer of the epidermis

DNA fingerprinting refers to

the unique sequence of nucleotides in a person's DNA and is the same for every cell , tissue and organ for that person

The lungs are located in what cavity?

thoracic cavity

THe 4 most common elements in the human body are

hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and calcium

traits

different forms of genes

ABCDE is an acronym that stands for signs of melanoma cancer while looking at the moles on the body and it stands for

A Asymmetry B Border C Color D Diameter E Evolving

Blue litmus paper will turn red when testing these substances for pH

Acidic

describes the study of the body structures

Anatomy

what is the 2nd leading cause of accidental death in the United States?

Burns

acronym for the American Cancer Society's Cancer Warning Signs for CAUTION

Change in bowel or bladder habits. A sore that does not heal. U nusual bleeding or discharge. T hickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere I ndigestion or difficulty in swallowing O bvious change in wart or mole N agging cough or hoarseness.

Burn Treatment

Do not remove anything sticking to the burn. Do Not apply butter, ;lotions, or ointments. Cool with large amounts of water Cover with sterile sheet or plastic bag.

melanocyte

Epidermal cells that produce pigment

How a baby's diet with PKU is modified?

Meats & other protein rich foods must be avoided... he can't synthesize this enzyme.

The study of each structure's functions describes

Phyisiology

The functions of the integumentary system?

Protection, regulation of body temperature, Vitamin D production, sensation, and excretion

Interphase

a cell carrying out its everyday functions is said to be in this phase

Signs and symptoms of Down's Syndrome are

a fat facial profile, protruding tongue, oblique slanting eyes, abundant neck skin, short broad hands, and poor muscle tone. heart, hearing &visual problems and learning disabilities

tinea

a fungal infection

Polymerase chain reaction is

a quick easy method of making millions of cells of any fragment of DNA

Skin is

a real body organ and the largest body organ

organ

a structure formed by the organization of two or more different tissue types that work together to perform a specific function

verruca

a wart

What % of water are most humans composed of ?

about 65 %

If a solution has a pH of 3.5 it is said to be

acidic

what is the difference between acids and bases?

acids are electrolytes that release hydrogen ions, and bases release hydroxyl ions

The subcutaneous layer is largely made up of

adipose tissue.

Full thickness or Third degree burns

affect all layers of the skin and often underlying structures , skin appears charred, always requires medical attention

Partial-Thickness or Second degree burns

affect epidermis and dermis Pain, swelling, redness and blisters

Superficial or first degree burns

affect epidermis only with pain, redness, and swelling

DNA contains

genetic information for cells

melanin

gives hair and skin their coloring

warts

growth caused by a virus

A tubelike depression in the dermis of the skin that is made of epithelial tissue and whose function is to generate hair is a

hair follicle

Alopecia, or baldness, is mostly

hereditary

alleles are

homologous chromosomes

A patient has entered the office with a triangle shaped burn on his left arm. You notice that the burn is red, swelling and has blisters . You would expect the physician to diagnose this burn as a

second -degree burn

The skin plays a role in regulating body temperature by

secreting water on the surface

gene

segment of DNA that determines a bodily trait

atoms

simplest unit of all matter

The integumentary system is composed of

skin, hair and nails

If melanoma is in stage 3 it has

spread to one or more nearby lymph nodes

What is the layer of the epidermis that produces new skin cells?

stratum basale

What is the stratum germinativum also known as the

stratum basale

The thoracic cavity is what to the abdominal cavity?

superior

the head is what to the abdominal cavity?

superior

toward the head, upper or above

superior

apocrine

sweat glands commonly activated by stress or nerves

The color of skin is determined primarily by

the amount of melanin

Dorsal Cavity

the body cavity that contains the brain and spinal cord

epithelial tissue is found in

the body covering and lining or a gland

anatomical position

the body is erect, with the head, feet, and palms all facing anteriorly.

osmosis

the diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane

sickle cell anemia

the genetic condition in which blood vessels can become blocked in organs , such as the liver

lunula

the half moon-shaped area at the base of the nail

active transport is

the movement across the cell membrane by a substance with the help of carrier molecules from an area of low concentation to an area of high concentration

diffusion

the movement of a substance TO an area of low concentration from an area of higher concentration

arrector pili

the muscle that allows hair to stand erect

lysosomes

the organnelles that perform the digestive function of the cell

filtration

the process that utilizes pressure to separate substances in a solution

homeostasis

the relative consistency of the body's internal environment

Acne is caused by

too much oil and dead skin cells that clogs pores

The cardiovascular system is

two organs working together toward the same goal.

What does NOT prevent shingles from developing?

vaccination for chickenpox

The combination of two molecules of hydrogen and one molecule of oxygen form

water or H2O

thoracic and abdominopelvic

what cavities are separated by the diaphragm

Endocrine Gland

which gland secretes its product directly into the bloodstream