CHAPTER 6 WORKBOOK AND BLUE/RED MOD
What vitamin does the body need for calcium absorption?
Vitamin D
What vitamin is skin essential for the production of?
Vitamin D
hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and calcium
What are the 4 most common elements in the human body?
A slow and rarely fatal cancer that accounts for about 90 % of all skin cancers is
basal cell carcinoma
hypodermis
also known as the subcutaneous layer: It is the support layer for the skin and is largely composed of adipose tissue.
The rule of nines refers to
an estimate of the extent of body surface area affected by burns
the study of the structure of the body is
anatomy
Treatment for herpes zoster would include
antiviral medication
matter
anything that takes up space and has weight
organs
are created by the combination of two or more tissue types
the sweat or Sudoriferous Glands
are part of the body's cooling system
Goose bumps are caused by
arrector pilli muscles as they pull on the fibers in the dermis
People who have trouble paying attention without being distracted and find it difficult to control impulsive physical actions have
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
The name of the muscle that divides the ventral cavity into superior and inferior positions is the
Diaphragm
The nose is what to the ears?
anterior
Dermititis is a sign of
many skin disorders.
Shock is likely to occur after a burn injury of
10 %
During mitosis the nucleus
Makes a complete copy of all 23 pairs of chromosomes
Stages of melanoma
Stage 0 only found in epidermis Stage 1 spread to epidermis and dermis... (1 to 2 mm thick) Stage 2 2 to 4 mm thick plus ulceration Stage 3 spread to one or more lymph nodes Stage 4 spread to other body organs or lymph nodes far from original melanoma
when testing pH with litmus paper, which one will turn red litmus paper blue.
base/alkaline
why is it important for you to have a basic understanding of chemistry?
because body structure and functions result from chemical processes that occur within body cells or fluids
When a person taking anti inflammatory drugs to control pain is injured
blood supply to the injured area cannot increase.
thoracic cavity
body cavity that contains the heart, lungs, aorta, esophagus, and trachea.
A term that refers to the arm is
brachium
the smallest "living" unit of structure is
cells
keratinocyte
cells that accumulate protein in the epidermis
molecule
chemical combination of two or more atoms
The simplest level of organization of the body is the
chemical level
The correct sequence of the level of organization is
chemical, cells, tissue, organ, system
A clot that forms when skin is healing is mostly made from
clotted blood and dried tissue fluid
compound
combination of two or more atoms from different elements
prefix
comes at the beginning of a term; alters the meaning
suffix
comes at the end of the word; alters the meaning
word root
contains base meaning of a medical term
If a patient does not have a rich supply of oxygenated blood in her skin, her skin will be
cyanotic
Sweat glands are present in the layer of the skin called the
dermis
metabolism
describes the overall chemical functioning of the body
Rosacea
dilation of small facial blood vessels
The fingers are what to the elbow?
distal
sagital plane
divides the body into right and left portions
Patients with superficial burns usually
do not require medical treatment
The 2 main body cavities are
dorsal and ventral
combining vowel
eases pronunciation of a term; does not change the meaning
What does the epidermis consist mostly of?
flat, dead cells.
A condition that results from shaving or excess rubbing of the skin is
follulitis
X-linked disease
if a characteristic is carried on the female chromosome, this is produced
a disease of the skin that is caused by staphyloccocal or streptococcal bacteria is
impetigo
follicle
in hair, it contains the blood vessel that nourishes the hair
Where are apocrine gland mostly found?
in the axillary and groin areas of the body.
foliculitis
inflammation of hair follicles
cystic fibrosis is caused by
inheritance of an autosomal recessive gene that both parents carry.
psoriasis
inherited autoimmune disorder
chemistry
is the study of matter composition and how it changes
When skin is injured, inflammation follows. The benefits of this response is that
it causes pain, calling attention to the injury
Epithelial Connective tissue
it covers the body and lines body cavities
Sebaceous Gland
it secretes sebrum or oil for the hair and skin
The purpose of sweat glands is to
keep the skin cool
found within the epidermis, this protein gives this layer of skin its protective properties.
keratin
If a person has chicken pox he can get shingles
later in life if the virus becomes active again
inorganic
matter that does not contain carbon and hydrogen
organic
matter that generally contains carbon and hydrogen
When errors are made in the duplication of DNA, the daughter cells
may or may not be affected in harmful ways
A skin cancer that follows the signs of the ABCD rule is
melanoma
The ABCDE rule applies to which type of cancer?
melanoma
Anabolism and catabolism are both part of the body's
metabolism
The body plane that divides the body into equal left and right sides is called
mid-sagittal
A process that involves splitting of the nucleus is
mitosis
Organelles are
molecules that have joined together
Multiple alleles determine
most traits in the body
When a DNA is duplicated and an error occurs it is called a
mutation
A pH of 7 is
neither acidic nor Base.
The abdominal area is divided into
nine regions
A patient arrives in the office after burning her arm while cooking outside on the grill. You notice that she has applied some type of oil or lotion on the burn . You know that lotions or oils on a burn are
not recommended
The chromosomes are located in the
nucleus of the cell
impetigo
oozing skin lesions
Systems
organs working together
What body cavity contains the reproductive organs?
pelvic
the study of how the body functions is
physiology
when a person is hot the dermal blood vessels of the skin dilate and her skin becomes
pinkish
transverse
plane that divides the body into inferior and superior portions
ions
positively and negatively charged particles
cyanosis
refers to the bluish tint that skin gets from cold and the illnesses that result in decreased oxygen in the tissues
The usual treatment for basal cell carcenoma is
removal using Moh's surgery
Treatment for verucanae is
removal with over the counter drugs or surgery
mutations
results when errors occur during DNA duplication
the body plane that divides the body into the left and right portions is the
sagital plane
cell
smallest living unit
electrolytes
substance that releases ions in water
eccrine
sudoriferous glands that produce a watery type of sweat
dermatome
the skin area along a central nerve pathway
dermatome
the skin area innervated by a nerve
Biochemistry
the study of matter and chemical reactions in the body.
PCR
the technique used to make multiple copies of even a fragment of DNA
alopecia
the term for hair loss (baldness)
stratum corneum
the topmost layer of the epidermis
DNA fingerprinting refers to
the unique sequence of nucleotides in a person's DNA and is the same for every cell , tissue and organ for that person
The lungs are located in what cavity?
thoracic cavity
THe 4 most common elements in the human body are
hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and calcium
traits
different forms of genes
ABCDE is an acronym that stands for signs of melanoma cancer while looking at the moles on the body and it stands for
A Asymmetry B Border C Color D Diameter E Evolving
Blue litmus paper will turn red when testing these substances for pH
Acidic
describes the study of the body structures
Anatomy
what is the 2nd leading cause of accidental death in the United States?
Burns
acronym for the American Cancer Society's Cancer Warning Signs for CAUTION
Change in bowel or bladder habits. A sore that does not heal. U nusual bleeding or discharge. T hickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere I ndigestion or difficulty in swallowing O bvious change in wart or mole N agging cough or hoarseness.
Burn Treatment
Do not remove anything sticking to the burn. Do Not apply butter, ;lotions, or ointments. Cool with large amounts of water Cover with sterile sheet or plastic bag.
melanocyte
Epidermal cells that produce pigment
How a baby's diet with PKU is modified?
Meats & other protein rich foods must be avoided... he can't synthesize this enzyme.
The study of each structure's functions describes
Phyisiology
The functions of the integumentary system?
Protection, regulation of body temperature, Vitamin D production, sensation, and excretion
Interphase
a cell carrying out its everyday functions is said to be in this phase
Signs and symptoms of Down's Syndrome are
a fat facial profile, protruding tongue, oblique slanting eyes, abundant neck skin, short broad hands, and poor muscle tone. heart, hearing &visual problems and learning disabilities
tinea
a fungal infection
Polymerase chain reaction is
a quick easy method of making millions of cells of any fragment of DNA
Skin is
a real body organ and the largest body organ
organ
a structure formed by the organization of two or more different tissue types that work together to perform a specific function
verruca
a wart
What % of water are most humans composed of ?
about 65 %
If a solution has a pH of 3.5 it is said to be
acidic
what is the difference between acids and bases?
acids are electrolytes that release hydrogen ions, and bases release hydroxyl ions
The subcutaneous layer is largely made up of
adipose tissue.
Full thickness or Third degree burns
affect all layers of the skin and often underlying structures , skin appears charred, always requires medical attention
Partial-Thickness or Second degree burns
affect epidermis and dermis Pain, swelling, redness and blisters
Superficial or first degree burns
affect epidermis only with pain, redness, and swelling
DNA contains
genetic information for cells
melanin
gives hair and skin their coloring
warts
growth caused by a virus
A tubelike depression in the dermis of the skin that is made of epithelial tissue and whose function is to generate hair is a
hair follicle
Alopecia, or baldness, is mostly
hereditary
alleles are
homologous chromosomes
A patient has entered the office with a triangle shaped burn on his left arm. You notice that the burn is red, swelling and has blisters . You would expect the physician to diagnose this burn as a
second -degree burn
The skin plays a role in regulating body temperature by
secreting water on the surface
gene
segment of DNA that determines a bodily trait
atoms
simplest unit of all matter
The integumentary system is composed of
skin, hair and nails
If melanoma is in stage 3 it has
spread to one or more nearby lymph nodes
What is the layer of the epidermis that produces new skin cells?
stratum basale
What is the stratum germinativum also known as the
stratum basale
The thoracic cavity is what to the abdominal cavity?
superior
the head is what to the abdominal cavity?
superior
toward the head, upper or above
superior
apocrine
sweat glands commonly activated by stress or nerves
The color of skin is determined primarily by
the amount of melanin
Dorsal Cavity
the body cavity that contains the brain and spinal cord
epithelial tissue is found in
the body covering and lining or a gland
anatomical position
the body is erect, with the head, feet, and palms all facing anteriorly.
osmosis
the diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane
sickle cell anemia
the genetic condition in which blood vessels can become blocked in organs , such as the liver
lunula
the half moon-shaped area at the base of the nail
active transport is
the movement across the cell membrane by a substance with the help of carrier molecules from an area of low concentation to an area of high concentration
diffusion
the movement of a substance TO an area of low concentration from an area of higher concentration
arrector pili
the muscle that allows hair to stand erect
lysosomes
the organnelles that perform the digestive function of the cell
filtration
the process that utilizes pressure to separate substances in a solution
homeostasis
the relative consistency of the body's internal environment
Acne is caused by
too much oil and dead skin cells that clogs pores
The cardiovascular system is
two organs working together toward the same goal.
What does NOT prevent shingles from developing?
vaccination for chickenpox
The combination of two molecules of hydrogen and one molecule of oxygen form
water or H2O
thoracic and abdominopelvic
what cavities are separated by the diaphragm
Endocrine Gland
which gland secretes its product directly into the bloodstream